Kontaminasi Mikroplastik pada Cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) Hasil Tangkapan di Pasar Ikan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Muara Angke, Jakarta

Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan ancaman serius bagi ekosistem pesisir dan keamanan pangan, seperti cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) yang diperjualbelikan di Pasar Ikan PPN Muara Angke. Efeknya sangat membahayakan kesehatan manusia yang mengonsumsinya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kontaminasi mikroplastik pada cumi-cumi berdasarkan perbedaan ukuran tubuh, mengidentifikasi kandungan dan karakteristik mikroplastik, serta merumuskan strategi pengendalian untuk mengurangi risiko kontaminasi. Metode penelitian berupa observasi lapangan terhadap sarana penanganan ikan, pengambilan sampel cumi-cumi dengan purposive sampling, analisis laboratorium terhadap sampel organ dan bilasan. Identifikasi polimer mikroplastik menggunakan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dan analisis strength weakness opportunity threats (SWOT) untuk penyusunan strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan antara ukuran tubuh cumi-cumi dengan nilai kontaminasi mikroplastik. Tingkat kontaminasi tertinggi terdapat pada cumi-cumi berukuran kecil sebesar 0,45 partikel/g, diikuti ukuran sedang (0,25 partikel/g), dan terendah pada ukuran besar (0,06 partikel/g). Mikroplastik yang ditemukan terdiri atas fiber, film, dan fragmen dengan variasi warna biru, hitam, coklat, kuning, ungu, abu-abu, merah, dan transparan. Partikel yang paling dominan berdasarkan ukuran adalah mikroplastik berukuran <1 mm. Polimer teridentifikasi polypropylene isotaktik, polyethylene (HDPE), dan poly (n-butyl methacrylate). Analisis SWOT menghasilkan empat strategi prioritas, yaitu penyusunan SOP kebersihan, regulasi dan kampanye plastik, penerapan standar higienitas, dan mengurangi penggunaan plastik sekali pakai.

Microplastics are a serious threat to coastal ecosystems and food security, particularly in squid (Loligo sp.) marketed at the PPN Muara Angke Fish Market. Their presence poses significant risks to human health upon consumption. This study aims to assess contamination levels in squid of different body sizes, identify microplastic composition and characteristics, and formulate strategies to mitigate risks. Methods included field observations of fish-handling facilities, purposive sampling of squid specimens, and laboratory analysis of digestive organs and rinses. Microplastic polymers were identified using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while a strength weakness opportunity threats (SWOT) analysis was applied to develop strategies. Results revealed a correlation between squid body size and contamination levels. The highest contamination occurred in small-sized squid (0.45 particles/g), followed by medium (0.25 particles/g), and lowest in large squid (0.06 particles/g). Microplastics consisted of fibers, films, and fragments with color variations including blue, black, brown, yellow, purple, gray, red, and transparent. The most dominant particles by size were <1 mm microplastics. The main polymers identified were isotactic polypropylene, polyethylene (HDPE), and poly (n-butyl methacrylate). SWOT analysis produced four priority strategies: establishing hygiene SOPs, implementing plastic regulations and campaigns, enforcing hygiene standards, and reducing single-use plastic consumption.