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      Kajian Dampak Deforestasi terhadap Tingkat Kerawanan Banjir Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Wilayah Pulau Sumatra

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      HUTAPEA, JOSE CHALVIN TIMOTHY
      Suharnoto, Yuli
      Ramadhanis, Zainab
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      Abstract
      Banjir di Provinsi Aceh, Sumatra Utara, dan Sumatra Barat terus meningkat akibat curah hujan tinggi dan deforestasi yang menurunkan daya resap tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter penyusun kerawanan banjir, perubahan tutupan lahan akibat deforestasi, serta menyusun peta kerawanan banjir berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Tujuh parameter fisik dibobotkan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan diintegrasikan melalui weighted overlay pada empat skenario yang mengombinasikan curah hujan normal serta ekstrem dan modifikasi bobot tutupan lahan, lalu divalidasi menggunakan confusion matrix. Curah hujan menjadi parameter paling dominan dengan bobot 0,20. Kombinasi curah hujan ekstrem dan peningkatan bobot tutupan lahan memperluas area kerawanan tinggi hingga 33,87%, tetapi pembobotan dasar AHP terbukti paling akurat sebesar 77,71%. Hasil ini menunjukkan deforestasi memperkuat dampak hujan ekstrem terhadap banjir dan dapat menjadi dasar mitigasi serta pengendalian alih fungsi lahan.
       
      Floods in Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra provinces continue to rise due to high rainfall and deforestation that reduces soil infiltration. This study aimed to analyze flood-vulnerability parameters, land-cover change from deforestation, and to develop a flood-vulnerability map based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Seven physical parameters were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and integrated through weighted overlay across four scenarios combining normal–extreme rainfall and modified land-cover weights, then validated using a confusion matrix. Rainfall was the most dominant parameter with a weight of 0.20. Combining extreme rainfall with increased land-cover weight expanded the high-vulnerability area to 33.87%, yet the base AHP weighting proved most accurate at 77.71%. These results indicate that deforestation amplifies the impact of extreme rainfall on flooding and can serve as a basis for mitigation and land-use conversion control.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174168
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      • UF - Civil and Environmental Engineering [1088]

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