DISTRIBUSI KELIMPAHAN MIKROPLASTIK DI SUNGAI CILIWUNG: KORELASINYA TERHADAP KEPADATAN PENDUDUK DAN PERSENTASE TUTUPAN LAHAN PERMUKIMAN

Abstract

Polusi mikroplastik merupakan isu lingkungan yang berkembang di sungai perkotaan, khususnya pada wilayah dengan kepadatan penduduk tinggi seperti Sungai Ciliwung yang terpapar tekanan antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik serta korelasinya terhadap kepadatan penduduk dan tutupan lahan permukiman dalam buffer 2 km. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 12 stasiun hulu ke hilir, lalu dilanjutkan dengan analisis laboratorium dan statistik. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan mikroplastik ditemukan di Sungai Ciliwung dengan kelimpahan 0,33–17,29 partikel/m³. Distribusi kelimpahan secara berturut-turut bentuk fragment, warna putih, ukuran 1001–2000 mikrometer (µm), serta polimer polystyrene (PS) memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi. Uji korelasi menunjukkan sangat kuat antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan kepadatan penduduk dan persentase tutupan lahan permukiman, dengan variabel paling berpengaruh adalah persentase tutupan lahan permukiman dan area kegiatan dalam buffer 2 km.

Microplastic pollution has become an emerging environmental issue in urban river systems, particularly in densely populated areas such as the Ciliwung River, which is exposed to significant anthropogenic pressures. This study aims to analyze microplastic abundance and its correlation with population density and residential land cover within a 2 km buffer. Sampling was conducted at 12 stations from upstream to downstream, followed by laboratory and statistical analyses. Laboratory results showed that microplastics were present in the Ciliwung River with abundances ranging from 0.33 to 17.29 particles/m³. The highest abundance distribution was sequentially dominated by fragment forms, white color, size range of 1001–2000 micrometers (µm), and polystyrene (PS) polymer. Correlation analysis indicated very strong relationships between microplastic abundance and population density as well as percentage of residential land cover, with the most influential variables being the percentage of residential land cover and activity areas within the 2 km buffer.