Evaluasi Kemunduran Mutu Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Akibat Perlakuan Alat Simulasi Transportasi

Abstract

Penggunaan benih padi bermutu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Benih rentan mengalami kemunduran mutu selama periode transportasi dan dapat menurunkan viabilitas sebelum masa tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh durasi guncangan terhadap kemunduran mutu benih padi dengan berbagai taraf suhu dan RH, dan membuat pola kemunduran benih pada alat simulasi transportasi. Percobaan dilakukan pada kondisi suhu 24-31 °C / RH 37-82% (kondisi A) dan suhu 27-35 °C / RH 46-84% (kondisi B), dengan durasi guncangan 0-12 jam. Pola kemunduran mutu disusun menggunakan persamaan polinomial. Peubah yang diamati meliputi kadar air (KA) viabilitas potensial (VP), vigor kekuatan tumbuh (VKT), dan vigor daya simpan (VDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan VKT menurun seiring bertambahnya durasi guncangan, dan VDS menurun seiring meningkatnya suhu dan RH. Kemunduran mutu benih padi pada peubah VKT dapat dibuat pola persamaan polinomoal (R2 > 70%) sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pendugaan vigor benih. Varietas IPB 9G dan Inpara 11 Siam menunjukkan respon yang lebih tahan berdasarkan perlakuan durasi guncangan.

The use of high-quality rice seeds is very important for increasing productivity. Seeds are susceptible to deterioration during transportation and may lose viability before planting. This study aimed to determine the effect of vibration duration on the deterioration of rice seeds at various temperature and relative humidity levels, and to model seed deterioration pattern based on a transportation simulator. Experiments were conducted under conditions of 24–31 °C / 37–82% RH (Condition A) and 27–35 °C / 46–84% RH (Condition B), with vibration durations ranging from 0 to 12 hours. The deterioration patterns were modeled using polynomial equations. The observed variables included moisture content (MC), potential viability (VP), germination vigor (VKT), and storage vigor (VDS). The results showed that VKT decreased as the duration of vibration increased, and VDS decreased as temperature and RH increased. The deterioration of rice seed as measured by VKT can be modeled using a polynomial equation (R² > 70%), which can be used to estimate seed vigor. The IPB 9G and Inpara 11 Siam varieties showed a more resistant response based on the vibration duration treatments.