Skrining Senyawa Bioprospektif dari Jamur Mata Kerbau (Trichaleurina javanica) melalui Analisis in vitro dan in silico

Abstract

Trichaleurina javanica (jamur mata kerbau) merupakan jamur edible yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat lokal Indonesia, tetapi kajian bioaktivitas dan profil senyawanya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa bioprospektif dari T. javanica sebagai agen antioksidan, antidiabetes, dan antimikrob alami melalui pendekatan in vitro dan in silico. Sampel dikoleksi melalui explorative sampling, dikarakterisasi berdasarkan data morfologi dan molekuler, kemudian diekstraksi. Ekstrak berbasis pelarut dengan polaritas berbeda (polar: akuades; semi-polar: etanol; non-polar: etil asetat) diuji secara in vitro menggunakan metode DPPH-ABTS (antioksidan), penghambatan a-glukosidase (antidiabetes), serta MIC dan MBC/MFC (antimikrob), dilanjutkan dengan analisis GC-MS dan molecular docking terhadap protein representatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa karakter morfologi dan molekuler memvalidasi identitas sampel sebagai T. javanica. Pengujian in vitro menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat pada ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat (IC50 <50 µg/mL), sifat bakteriostatik (rasio MBC/MIC >4), dan potensi antidiabetes rendah (IC50 >1.000 µg/mL). Analisis GC-MS mengidentifikasi adanya dominasi senyawa asam lemak, sterol, fenolik, dan alkana dari seluruh ekstrak. Molecular docking menunjukkan kelompok senyawa sterol menghasilkan nilai affinity terbaik terhadap seluruh protein target (-5,764 hingga -8,015 kkal/mol) melalui ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi hidrofobik, mengindikasikan potensi multitarget senyawa-senyawa T. javanica.

Trichaleurina javanica is an edible fungus that has been utilized as a food ingredient and traditional medicine by local Indonesian communities, but studies on its bioactivity and compound profiles remain limited. This study aims to identify bioprospective compounds from T. javanica as natural antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial agents through in vitro and in silico approaches. Samples were collected via explorative sampling, characterized based on morphological and molecular data, and subsequently extracted. Solvent-based extracts of varying polarity (polar: aquadest; semi-polar: ethanol; non-polar: ethyl acetate) were tested in vitro using DPPH-ABTS methods (antioxidant), a-glucosidase inhibition (antidiabetic), and MIC and MBC/MFC assays (antimicrobial), followed by GC-MS analysis and molecular docking against representative proteins. Results showed that morphological and molecular characteristics validated the sample identity as T. javanica. In vitro testing demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts (IC50 <50 µg/mL), bacteriostatic properties (MBC/MIC ratio >4), and low antidiabetic potential (IC50 >1.000 µg/mL). GC-MS analysis identified a predominance of fatty acids, sterols, phenolics, and alkanes across all extracts. Molecular docking revealed that sterol compounds produced the best affinity values against all target proteins (-5.764 to -8.015 kcal/mol) through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, indicating the multitarget potential of T. javanica compounds.