Kajian Stok dan Analisis Bioekonomi Ikan Gulamah (Johnius carouna) di Perairan Pangandaran, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Ikan gulamah merupakan salah satu ikan hasil tangkapan sampingan yang banyak tertangkap di Perairan Pangandaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status stok dan aspek bioekonomi ikan gulamah yang tertangkap alat tangkap standar jaring insang tetap (set net/liong bun). Data primer yang digunakan berupa data panjang dan bobot 305 ekor ikan pada kurun waktu September–November 2025 serta data hasil wawancara dengan nelayan. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa data produksi tahunan ikan gulamah yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Cikidang pada kurun waktu 2020–2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan cenderung alometrik positif dengan mortalitas alami yang lebih besar dibandingkan mortalitas penangkapan. Laju eksploitasi ikan gulamah masih rendah (0,33-0,49). Tangkapan maksimum lestari dengan model Schaefer diperoleh 16,91 ton/tahun dan upaya penangkapan sebesar 134 unit kapal/tahun (R² = 0,87). Keuntungan ekonomi ikan gulamah mencapai Rp232,22 juta/tahun sehingga ikan ini dapat menggantikan posisi ikan target utama saat musim paceklik.

Caroun croaker (Johnius carouna) is one of the bycatch species frequently caught in Pangandaran waters. This study aimed to assess the stock status and bioeconomic aspects of gulamah caught using the standard fishing gear, namely fixed gillnets (set nets/liong bun). Primary data consisted of length and weight measurements of 305 fish collected during September–November 2025, as well as interview data obtained from local fishers. Secondary data comprised annual production records of gulamah landed at Cikidang Fishing Port during the period 2020–2025. The results indicated that caroun croaker exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern, with natural mortality exceeding fishing mortality. The exploitation rate remained relatively low (0.33–0.49). Based on the Schaefer model, the maximum sustainable yield was estimated at 16.91 tons year?¹ with an optimum fishing effort of 134 vessel units year?¹ (R² = 0.87). The economic profit generated from the gulamah fishery reached IDR 232.22 million year?¹, indicating that this species has the potential to serve as an alternative target species during periods of low catches of the main target fish