ANALISIS CO-MANAGEMENT PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU TIDUNG, KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang yang penting secara ekologis dan ekonomis, termasuk di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Namun, lemahnya koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan menyebabkan pengelolaan belum optimal, serta tekanan dari aktivitas wisata, pemanfaatan berlebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis co-management dalam pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu, yang nantinya dapat mengidentifikasi rekomendasi pengelolaan berbasis co management. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed method melalui pengumpulan data ekologi menggunakan Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), serta wawancara dan kuesioner kepada pemangku kepentingan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan accidental sampling untuk penentuan responden masyarakat. Analisis meliputi kondisi tutupan karang, kelimpahan ikan, persepsi masyarakat, serta pemetaan stakeholder, dan evaluasi komponen manajemen (POAC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa walaupun terjadi penggunaan sumberdaya dan kepadatan pengunjung yang berlebih kondisi terumbu karang tergolong baik dengan tutupan karang hidup sebesar 65,61% dan 51,46% yang tergolong kategori baik. Secara persepsi, tingkat pemahaman masyarakat terhadap co-management tergolong tinggi (77%) dengan partisipasi yang cukup aktif. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung berada pada tipe (entry-level) cooperative co-management. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan masih berada pada tahap transisi menuju cooperative co-management. Oleh karena itu, pengelola perlu meningkatkan kapasitas dan partisipasi masyarakat melalui edukasi dan pelatihan. Pemerintah dan stakeholder juga perlu memperkuat koordinasi, pendanaan, serta pendampingan. Selain itu, masyarakat perlu mengoptimalkan pengawasan berbasis komunitas untuk menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung.

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, possesses coral reef ecosystems that are ecologically and economically important, including those in Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. However, weak coordination among stakeholders has limited the effectiveness of coral reef management, while increasing pressure from tourism activities and overutilization continues to threaten ecosystem sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of co-management in the coral reef ecosystem of Tidung Island, Seribu Islands, and to identify recommendations for improving management through a co-management approach. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining ecological data collection using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method with stakeholder interviews and questionnaires. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling for stakeholders and accidental sampling for community members. The analysis included coral cover condition, fish abundance, community perceptions, stakeholder mapping, and evaluation of management functions based on the Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) framework. The results showed that despite pressures from resource overuse and high visitor density, the coral reef ecosystem remained in good condition, with live coral cover of 65.61% and 51.46%, both classified as good. Community understanding of co-management was relatively high (77%), accompanied by active participation in management activities. The study concludes that coral reef management in Tidung Island is currently at the entry-level cooperative co-management stage, indicating a transition toward a more cooperative management system. Therefore, management efforts should focus on strengthening community capacity and participation through education and training. Government agencies and other stakeholders should also enhance coordination, funding support, and facilitation. In addition, community based monitoring and surveillance should be optimized to ensure the long-term sustainability of the coral reef ecosystem in Tidung Island.