Potensi Implementasi Sistem Deposit refund dalam Upaya Pengendalian Sampah di Kawasan Gunung Ciremai (Studi Kasus Jalur Apuy)

Abstract

Peningkatan aktivitas pendakian di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) berdampak pada meningkatnya timbulan sampah yang berpotensi mengganggu kelestarian ekosistem. Sistem pengelolaan sampah yang saat ini diterapkan masih belum optimal, ditandai dengan lemahnya pengawasan, rendahnya kesadaran pendaki, serta pendekatan persuasif yang belum efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi pendaki terhadap pengelolaan sampah dan rencana penerapan sistem deposit refund, mengestimasi nilai kesediaan membayar willingness to pay (WTP), serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan sampah yang tepat. Metode yang digunakan, meliputi analisis skala Likert untuk mengukur persepsi, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) dengan pendekatan bidding game untuk mengestimasi WTP, serta Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) untuk menyusun strategi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menilai sistem pengelolaan sampah saat ini belum optimal dan responden merasa bahwa penerapan deposit refund dapat memberikan manfaat yang lebih baik terhadap pengelolaan sampah di kawasan Gunung Ciremai dan sebesar 84% responden bersedia membayar uang jaminan. Nilai rata-rata WTP diperoleh sebesar Rp37.440 per pendaki. Hasil analisis ISM menunjukkan bahwa kelembagaan dan penegakan aturan menjadi elemen kunci dalam keberhasilan implementasi sistem. Penerapan deposit refund berpotensi meningkatkan tanggung jawab pendaki serta menjadi solusi efektif dalam pengendalian sampah di kawasan TNGC.

The increase in climbing activity in the Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) area has resulted in increased waste generation that has the potential to disrupt ecosystem sustainability. The current waste management system is still not optimal, characterized by weak supervision, low climber awareness, and an ineffective persuasive approach. This study aims to analyze climbers' perceptions of waste management and the planned implementation of a deposit refund system, estimate their willingness to pay (WTP), and formulate an appropriate waste management strategy. The methods used include Likert scale analysis to measure perceptions, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with a bidding game approach to estimate WTP, and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to develop policy strategies. The results show that the majority of respondent consider the existing system management to be suboptimal and they feel that the implementation of a deposit refund could provide better benefits for waste management in the Mount Ciremai. Almost 84% of respondents are willing to pay a deposit. The average WTP value obtained is IDR 37,440 per climber. The results of the ISM analysis indicate that institutions and rule enforcement are key elements in the successful implementation of the system. Implementing deposit refunds has the potential to increase climber responsibility and be an effective solution for waste management in the TNGC area.