Validasi Dosis Pemupukan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Varietas Detap 1

Abstract

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia. Permintaan kedelai yang terus meningkat belum mampu diimbangi oleh produksi dalam negeri, sehingga kebutuhan nasional masih dipenuhi melalui impor. Penurunan produksi kedelai dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan lahan pertanian dan penurunan kualitas tanah. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan melalui pemupukan dengan dosis yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dosis pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai varietas Detap 1. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni hingga Oktober 2025 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan lima taraf dosis pupuk, yaitu 0% (P1), 50% (P2), 100% (P3), 150% (P4), dan 200% (P5) dari dosis rekomendasi (urea 50 kg ha-1, SP-36 50 kg ha-1, dan KCl 75 kg ha-1). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 10 MST, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap komponen hasil. Tinggi tanaman tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 200% dosis, sedangkan potensi hasil terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 0% dosis pupuk. Indeks panen tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 0% dosis pupuk. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 0% dosis pupuk pada kondisi tanah yang memiliki status N-Total sedang, P-Potensial sangat tinggi, dan K-Potensial sedang.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the important food commodities in Indonesia. The continuously increasing demand for soybean has not been matched by domestic production, resulting in the continued reliance on imports to meet national demand. The decline in soybean production is influenced by limited agricultural land and declining soil quality. One effort to increase soybean production is through the application of fertilizers at appropriate rates. This study aimed to analyze the effect of fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of the Detap 1 soybean variety. The experiment was conducted from June to October 2025 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five fertilizer-rate treatments, namely 0% (P1), 50% (P2), 100% (P3), 150% (P4), and 200% (P5) of the recommended fertilizer rate (50 kg ha-1 urea, 50 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl). Each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that fertilizer-rate treatments significantly affected plant height at 10 weeks after planting (WAP), but had no significant effect on yield components. The tallest plants were obtained under the 200% fertilizer-rate treatment, whereas the highest yield potential was achieved under the 0% fertilizer-rate treatment. The highest harvest index was also observed under the 0% fertilizer-rate treatment. The best performance was obtained under the 0% fertilizer-rate treatment in soil with moderate total nitrogen (N), very high potential phosphorus (P), and moderate potential potassium (K) status.