Keanekaragaman Belalang pada Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Berbeda di Kampus IPB University Darmaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Belalang merupakan serangga herbivora yang kadang bersifat hama bagi tanaman pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang pada tipe penggunaan lahan yang berbeda di Kampus IPB Darmaga, yaitu Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit, Taman Hutan Kampus, dan Teaching Farm SADIFA. Penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan pengambilan sampel belalang menggunakan sweep net. Hasil penelitian dikoleksi total 690 individu yang terbagi dalam 9 famili belalang. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener pada ketiga habitat berada pada kategori sedang (1 = H’ = 3). Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit memiliki keanekaragaman tertinggi (H’ = 1,34), diikuti Taman Hutan Kampus (H’ = 1,14) dan Teaching Farm SADIFA (H’ = 1,12). Famili Acrididae mendominasi di seluruh lokasi (399 individu). Analisis similaritas tertinggi ditemukan antara Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dan Taman Hutan Kampus (0,84), sedangkan terendah antara Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dan Teaching Farm SADIFA (0,69). Analisis korelasi Spearman dan PCA menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya berkorelasi negatif terhadap jumlah individu (rs = -0,299; ? = 0,028), sementara kecepatan angin menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan jumlah individu belalang (rs = 0,279; ? = 0,041). Namun, suhu (rs = 0,129; ? = 0,36) dan kelembapan udara (rs = 0,158; ? = 0,252) tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan belalang secara signifikan di lokasi penelitian.

Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects that sometimes act as pests for agricultural crops. This study aims to determine the diversity of grasshoppers in different types of land use on the IPB Darmaga Campus, namely the Oil Palm Plantation, Campus Forest Park, and Teaching Farm SADIFA. The research location was determined using a purposive sampling method and grasshopper samples were collected using a sweep net. The results of the study collected a total of 690 individuals divided into 9 grasshopper families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index value in the three habitats was in the moderate category (1 = H’ = 3). The Oil Palm Plantation had the highest diversity (H’ = 1.34), followed by the Campus Forest Park (H’ = 1.14) and Teaching Farm SADIFA (H’ = 1.12). The Acrididae family dominated in all locations (399 individuals). The highest similarity analysis was found between the Oil Palm Plantation and the Campus Forest Park (0.84), while the lowest was between the Oil Palm Plantation and the Teaching Farm SADIFA (0.69). Spearman correlation analysis and PCA showed that light intensity was negatively correlated with the number of individuals (rs = -0.299; ? = 0.028), while wind speed showed a positive correlation with the number of grasshopper individuals (rs = 0.279; ? = 0.041). However, temperature (rs = 0.129; ? = 0.36) and air humidity (rs = 0.158; ? = 0.252) did not significantly affect grasshopper abundance at the study site.