Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Biji terhadap Keragaan Tanaman Anthurium plowmanii Croat

Abstract

DESLIN NURMAGFIRAH PUTRI. Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Biji terhadap Keragaan Tanaman Anthurium plowmanii Croat. Dibimbing oleh DINY DINARTI dan KRISANTINI. Iradiasi sinar gamma merupakan salah satu metode dalam pemuliaan mutasi yang bertujuan menghasilkan keragaman morfologi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari dosis iradiasi sinar gamma yang tepat untuk menginduksi keragaman genetik tanaman A. plowmanii, mengetahui dosis LD50 tanaman A. plowmanii, serta menghasilkan mutan putatif A. plowmanii. Percobaan dilaksanakan di greenhouse Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri IPB University, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 taraf perlakuan: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, dan 18 Gy, dengan 30 ulangan ditiap perlakuannya. Hasil menunjukkan dosis rendah hingga sedang (= 12 Gy) masih menghasilkan tanaman hidup dengan variasi morfologi, seperti perubahan warna daun dan perbedaan bentuk tepi maupun pangkal. Dosis 15 Gy menghambat pertumbuhan, sedangkan pada = 18 Gy seluruh tanaman mati. Mutan putatif yang didapatkan, yaitu 3 Gy (11 mutan putatif), 6 Gy (14 mutan putatif), 9 Gy (11 mutan putatif), 12 Gy (8 mutan putatif), dan 15 Gy (6 mutan putatif). Nilai LD50 ditentukan sebesar 13,72 Gy, menunjukkan sensitivitas moderat A. plowmanii terhadap iradiasi. Dengan demikian, iradiasi sinar gamma efektif menginduksi variasi morfologi pada A. plowmanii terutama pada dosis rendah hingga sedang (3-9 Gy), menghasilkan keragaman (warna daun bluish white, daun bertekstur bergelombang, daun kaku, daun terlipat, serta daun menyatu), dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam pemuliaan mutasi tanaman hias.

DESLIN NURMAGFIRAH PUTRI. The Effect of Gamma Ray Irradiation on Seed Performance of Anthurium plowmanii Croat. (skripsi). Supervised by DINY DINARTI and KRISANTINI. Gamma ray irradiation is one of the mutation breeding methods aimed at generating morphological variability in plants. This study aimed to determine the appropriate gamma ray dose to induce genetic variation in A. plowmanii, to estimate its LD50 value, and to obtain putative mutants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Sukamantri Experimental Garden, IPB University, Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 Gy, each with 30 replications. Putative mutants were obtained from the irradiation treatments as follows: 11 at 3 Gy, 14 at 6 Gy, 11 at 9 Gy, 8 at 12 Gy, and 6 at 15 Gy. Results showed that low to moderate doses (= 12 Gy) maintained plant survival while inducing morphological variation, such as changes in leaf color and differences in margin and base shapes. Growth was inhibited at 15 Gy, while doses = 18 Gy caused complete mortality. The LD50 value was determined as 13,72 Gy, indicating moderate sensitivity of A. plowmanii to irradiation. This, gamma irradiation is effective in inducing morphological variation in A. plowmanii, particularly at low to moderate doses (3-9 Gy), resulting in diverse traits such as bluish white leaf coloration, wavy textures, stiffness, folded leaves, fused leaves, and holds potential for use in mutation breeding of ornamental plants.