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      Pemodelan Volatilitas Harga Saham Pertambangan Berdasarkan Faktor Makroekonomi dengan Pendekatan EGARCH-X

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Razan, Hilman
      Nugrahani, Endar Hasafah
      Budiarti, Retno
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      Abstract
      Sektor pertambangan memiliki tingkat fluktuasi harga saham yang tinggi dan sangat sensitif terhadap kondisi ekonomi makro, salah satunya terlihat pada saham PT Bumi Resources Tbk (BUMI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dan mengevaluasi volatilitas harga saham BUMI menggunakan pendekatan Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with Exogenous Variables (EGARCH-X). Faktor makroekonomi yang diuji meliputi Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG), Harga Emas Dunia, Harga Timah Dunia, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Inflasi, dan Suku Bunga (BI-Rate) menggunakan data bulanan dari April 2016 hingga Juni 2025. Akibat adanya indikasi multikolinieritas antar-faktor makroekonomi, pemodelan diestimasi secara parsial untuk mengisolasi pengaruh murni dari setiap variabel. Model dasar terbaik yang terpilih berdasarkan kriteria informasi terkecil adalah ARMA(2,2)-EGARCH(3,3). Hasil estimasi parameter menunjukkan bahwa seluruh faktor makroekonomi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pembentukan volatilitas saham BUMI. IHSG, nilai tukar, dan inflasi terbukti berperan sebagai pemicu ketidakpastian pasar , sedangkan harga emas, harga timah, dan suku bunga bertindak sebagai faktor peredam fluktuasi volatilitas. Model juga mengidentifikasi terjadinya fenomena asimetris positif (anti-leverage effect), di mana guncangan positif (good news) memicu gejolak volatilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan guncangan negatif (bad news). Evaluasi performa out-of-sample melalui simulasi 10.000 iterasi membuktikan kapabilitas peramalan yang sangat akurat. Seluruh model secara konsisten menghasilkan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) di bawah 10% , dengan tingkat presisi tertinggi dicapai oleh prediktor Harga Timah (7.49%) dan Inflasi (7.53%).
       
      The mining sector exhibits severe stock price fluctuations and is highly sensitive to macroeconomic conditions, as evidenced by the stock of PT Bumi Resources Tbk (BUMI). This study aims to model and evaluate the volatility of BUMI's stock price using the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with Exogenous Variables (EGARCH-X) approach. The examined macroeconomic factors include the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG), Global Gold Price, Global Tin Price, Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Interest Rate (BI-Rate), utilizing monthly data from April 2016 to June 2025. Due to indications of multicollinearity among the macroeconomic factors, the modeling was estimated partially to isolate the pure effect of each variable. The best baseline model selected based on the lowest information criterion was ARMA(2,2)-EGARCH(3,3). The parameter estimation results indicate that all macroeconomic factors significantly influence the volatility generation of BUMI's stock. IHSG, exchange rate, and inflation proved to act as triggers for market uncertainty , whereas gold price, tin price, and interest rates served as buffer factors dampening the volatility fluctuations. The model also identified a positive asymmetric phenomenon (anti-leverage effect), wherein positive shocks (good news) triggered higher volatility turbulence compared to negative shocks (bad news). The out-of-sample performance evaluation through 10,000 simulation iterations demonstrated a highly accurate forecasting capability. All models consistently yielded Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values below 10% , with the highest precision achieved by the Tin Price (7.49%) and Inflation (7.53%) predictors.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173407
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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