Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Pesisir di Kepulauan Joronga Maluku Utara Untuk Pengembangan Budidaya Rumput Laut

Abstract

Pengembangan budidaya rumput laut di Kawasan Kepulauan Joronga menjadi salah satu komoditas unggulan sektor perikanan, memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung ekonomi pesisir dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Kepulauan Joronga, Provinsi Maluku Utara memiliki potensi dikembangkannya budidaya rumput laut jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii. Namun demikian, budidaya rumput laut di kepulauan tersebut mengalami penurunan karena pengelolaannya belum mengacu pada prinsip keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian kawasan, daya dukung dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap budidaya rumput laut, menganalisis kelayakan usaha, menganalisis status keberlanjutan, dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan kawasan budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sepuluh stasiun pengamatan sebagai lokasi studi serta melibatkan pembudidaya dari kedua desa, yaitu Desa Tawabi dan Desa Pulau Gala. Kesesuaian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). Menilai bobot setiap parameter menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Proses (AHP) melalui hasil penilaian ahli/pakar (Expert judgement). Daya dukung kawasan dinilai dengan menghitung luas aktual, luas ideal, jumlah unit, dan volume produksi serta persepsi masyarakat (aspek sosial) dianalisis dengan skala Likert. Kelayakan usaha dianalisis dengan analisis biaya-manfaat (cost-benefit analysis) dan faktor-faktor produksi. Keberlanjutan budidaya rumput laut dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) melalui perangkat RAP-Seaweed. Strategi Pengelolaan Budidaya Rumput laut dianalisis berdasarkan responden ahli melibatkan lima responden dengan metode (AHP). Budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga dikategorikan kawasan yang cukup sesuai untuk budidaya rumput laut, yaitu metode tancap dan metode long-line. Daya dukung lingkungan budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga ini dengan luas aktual pada metode tancap sebesar 2.836,77 ha, dan long-line sebesar 3.461,79 ha, diikuti jumlah unit budidaya metode tancap 26.856,95 unit dan 29.306,12 unit long-line. Jumlah padat tebar mencapai 120.856,29 ton untuk tancap dan 58.612,24 ton long-line. Volume produksi per tahun tancap mencapai 103.573,84 ton dan 50.230,69 ton long-line. Persepsi masyarakat terkait budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga sangat antusias dan diterima baik oleh masyarakat setempat. Kelayakan usaha budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga layak untuk di budidaya dan di kembangkan kedua metode tersebut. Keberlanjutan budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Joronga tergolong cukup berkelanjutan pada dimensi ekonomi dan sosial, namun masih lemah pada dimensi ekologi dan teknologi, serta buruk pada dimensi kelembagaan. Strategi yang diprioritaskan untuk pengelolaan berkelanjutan kawasan budidaya rumput laut yaitu kriteria ekologi. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang diprioritaskan yaitu edukasi dan pendampingan kegiatan budidaya rumput laut.

The development of seaweed cultivation in the Joronga Island as a leading fisheries commodity plays a strategic role in supporting coastal economies and environmental sustainability. The Joronga Island, North Moluccas Province, possesses significant potential for the development of seaweed cultivation Kappaphycus alvarezii. However, seaweed cultivation in this region has experienced a decline, as its management has not yet been aligned with sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze suitability, carrying capacity, and community perceptions of seaweed aquaculture, assess business feasibility, evaluate sustainability status, and formulate management strategies for seaweed cultivation areas in the Joronga Islands. The study was conducted at ten observation stations, which served as the study sites, and involved seaweed cultivators from two villages, Tawabi Village and Pulau Gala Village. Suitability was assessed using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) approach, while parameter weighting was determined through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert judgment. Carrying capacity was evaluated by calculating the actual area, ideal area, number of cultivation units, and production volume. Community perceptions (social aspects) were analyzed using a Likert scale. Business feasibility was examined through a cost-benefit analysis and a production factor assessment. The sustainability of seaweed aquaculture was analyzed using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach implemented through the RAP-Seaweed tools. Management strategies for seaweed aquaculture were formulated based on expert assessments involving five respondents, who used the AHP method. The results indicate that seaweed aquaculture in the Joronga Islands falls within the moderately suitable category for both off-bottom and long-line cultivation methods. The carrying capacity shows that the actual cultivation area reaches 2.836,77 ha for the off-bottom method and 3.461,79 ha for the long-line method, with an estimated 26.856,95 cultivation units for the off-bottom system and 29.306,12 units for the long-line system. Stocking density is estimated at 120.856,29 tons (wet weight) for the off-bottom method and 58.612,24 tons for the long-line method, resulting in annual production volumes of 103.573,84 tons and 50.230,69 tons (dry weight), respectively. Community perceptions of seaweed cultivation in the Joronga Islands are highly positive and well-received by local communities. The business feasibility analysis indicates that both cultivation methods are economically viable and suitable for further development. The sustainability of seaweed aquaculture in the Joronga Islands is considered moderately sustainable in the economic and social dimensions. However, it remains relatively weak in the ecological, technological, and institutional dimensions. The prioritized criterion for sustainable management of seaweed cultivation areas is the ecological dimension, with education and extension services for seaweed cultivation activities identified as the primary management strategy.