Dampak Pencemaran Perairan pada Perikanan Kerang Hijau di Kamal Muara Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta

Abstract

Nelayan kerang hijau di Kampung Nelayan Kamal Muara Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta menghadapi tantangan serius berupa penurunan produksi akibat degradasi kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan perikanan kerang hijau, menganalisis kualitas perairan terdampak pencemaran, serta merumuskan rekomendasi pengelolaan perikanan kerang hijau yang adaptif di Kamal Muara. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi lapang, wawancara, dan pengambilan sampel air. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji laboratorium kualitas air, serta analisis aspek kekuatan dan kelemahan untuk rekomendasi pengelolaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan perikanan kerang hijau didominasi oleh metode budidaya tradisional menggunakan rakit bambu, dengan waktu pemeliharaan hingga panen berkisar antara 3-4 bulan. Namun saat ini nelayan mengalami penurunan produktivitas hasil panen. Kerang hijau dilakukan penanganan dengan perebusan sebelum dipasarkan. Kualitas perairan telah melampaui ambang batas baku mutu sesuai KEPMEN LH No.51 Tahun 2004, parameter TSS menunjukkan hasil 97 mg/L, serta kandungan logam berat Pb dan Hg sebesar 0,03 mg/L dan 0,04 mg/L. Kondisi ini berdampak langsung pada penurunan kualitas biologis dan kualitas hasil panen, yang berdampak terhadap pendapatan nelayan. Tindakan pengelolaan yang direkomendasikan meliputi penguatan regulasi dan pengawasan pengelolaan limbah, penerapan teknologi budidaya ramah lingkungan untuk mitigasi cemaran, dan peningkatan kapasitas kelompok nelayan melalui edukasi.

Green mussel fishermen in the fishing village of Kamal Muara Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province face serious challenges in the form of declining production due to water quality degradation. This study aims to describe green mussel fishing activities, analyze of water quality affected by pollution, and formulate recommendations for adaptive green mussel fishery management in Kamal Muara. Research data was collected through field observations, interviews, and water sampling. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods, laboratory water quality tests, and an analysis of strengths and weaknesses to inform management recommendations. The results of the study indicate that green mussel aquaculture is dominated by traditional cultivation methods using bamboo rafts, with a cultivation period ranging from 3 to 4 months. However, fishermen are currently experiencing a decline in catch productivity. Green mussels are processed by boiling before being marketed. Water quality has exceeded the quality standards set by Ministry of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004; the TSS parameter shows a result of 97 mg/L, and the levels of heavy metals Pb and Hg are 0.03 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L, respectively. These conditions have a direct impact on the decline in biological quality and the quality of the catch, which in turn affects fishermen’s income. Recommended management measures include strengthening regulations and oversight of waste management, implementing environmentally friendly aquaculture technologies to mitigate pollution, and building the capacity of fishing communities through education.