Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat (Cd, Hg, Pb, dan Cu) pada Kolom Air dan Sedimen di Perairan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara

Abstract

Perairan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara, merupakan salah satu Kawasan pesisir yang mengalami tekanan dari berbagai aktivitas industri pelayaran, dan permukiman padat yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsentrasi kadmium (Cd), merkuri (Hg), timbal (Pb), dan tembaga (Cu) pada kolom air dan sedimen, serta mengevaluasi tingkat pencemaran berdasarkan baku mutu perairan dan sedimen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun pada bulan Februari–Juli 2023. Konsentrasi logam berat dianalisis menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Pengukuran suhu, salinitas, pH, arus, dan pasut dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap fluktuasi konsentrasi Cd, Hg, Pb, dan Cu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi Cd, Hg, Pb, dan Cu di kolom air selama musim barat melebihi baku mutu berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021, dengan konsentrasi tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 0.001, 0.006, 0.061, 0.02 mg/L. Sebaliknya konsentrasi logam berat pada sedimen tidak menunjukkan variasi musiman yang signifikan (p > 0.05). Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa logam Cd, Hg, dan Pb berasal dari sumber pencemaran yang sama. Pengaruh parameter suhu menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup kuat terhadap Cd di sedimen. Sedangkan parameter salinitas dan pH tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat.

The waters of Cilincing North Jakarta, are one of the coastal areas experiencing pressure from various industrial, shipping, and densely populated residential activities that potentially contribute to heavy metal pollution. This study aims to analyze the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in the water column and sediments, as well as to evaluate pollution levels based on water and sediment quality standards. Sampling was conducted at three stations from February to July 2023. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Measurements of temperature, salinity, pH, currents, and tides were carried out to determine their influence on fluctuations in Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu concentrations. The results showed that Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu concentrations in the water column during the west monsoon exceeded the quality standards established by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, with the highest concentrations reaching 0.001, 0.006, 0.061, and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, heavy metal concentrations in sediments did not show significant seasonal variations (p > 0.05). The analysis indicated that Cd, Hg, and Pb originated from similar pollution sources. Temperature showed a moderately strong relationship with Cd concentrations in sediments, whereas salinity and pH did not exhibit strong relationships.