Karakteristik Sediaan Body scrub Residu Garam Ulva lactuca dengan Penambahan Beras (Oryza sativa)

Abstract

Rumput laut Ulva lactuca berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kosmetik karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya. Pengolahan Ulva lactuca menjadi garam menghasilkan residu berupa butiran kasar yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan abrasif alami dalam sediaan body scrub untuk menggantikan microbeads sintetis yang berisiko mencemari lingkungan. Namun, penggunaan residu garam secara tunggal dapat memengaruhi kenyamanan dan karakteristik fisik sediaan, sehingga diperlukan bahan tambahan alami. Beras putih (Oryza sativa) dipilih sebagai bahan pendukung karena memiliki kandungan antioksidan dan sifat abrasif ringan yang telah lama dimanfaatkan dalam perawatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi optimal beras putih (Oryza sativa) dalam formulasi body scrub berbasis residu garam Ulva lactuca 7%, berdasarkan evaluasi karakteristik kimia dan fisik produk (meliputi total fenol dan antioksidan, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, serta kelembaban sediaan). Prosedur penelitian ini mencakup preparasi dan karakterisasi residu garam Ulva lactuca serta serbuk beras putih (Oryza sativa), diikuti dengan pembuatan body scrub dengan residu garam Ulva lactuca 7% dengan penambahan beras putih pada konsentrasi (6%, 8%, dan 10% b/b). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan beras putih (Oryza sativa) pada body scrub berbasis residu garam Ulva lactuca 7% memengaruhi karakteristik kimia dan fisik sediaan. Aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenol meningkat hingga konsentrasi 8% dan menurun pada konsentrasi 10%. Seluruh formulasi memiliki pH yang sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI 16-4399-1996. Nilai viskositas dan daya sebar menunjukkan perbedaan antar formulasi seiring peningkatan konsentrasi beras putih, sementara seluruh sediaan bersifat homogen dan bertipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A). Seluruh formulasi mampu meningkatkan kelembaban kulit setelah penggunaan, namun peningkatan kelembaban cenderung menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi beras putih. Uji sensori menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada kenampakan, sedangkan aroma, warna, dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata dan masih dapat diterima panelis. Seluruh sediaan tidak menimbulkan iritasi kulit. Sediaan body scrub terbaik diperoleh pada formulasi dengan penambahan beras putih 8% (F2), yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tergolong kuat, mengandung senyawa fenol, memenuhi persyaratan fisik SNI 16-4399-1996, serta aman digunakan.

Ulva lactuca seaweed has potential for cosmetic applications due to its bioactive compound content. The processing of Ulva lactuca into salt produces a residue in the form of coarse granules, which has potential as a natural abrasive material in body scrub formulations to replace synthetic microbeads that pose environmental risks. However, the use of salt residue alone may affect the comfort and physical characteristics of the formulation; therefore, an additional natural ingredient is required. White rice (Oryza sativa) was selected as a supporting material because it contains antioxidants and has mild abrasive properties that have long been utilized in skin care. This study aimed to determine the optimal composition of white rice (Oryza sativa) in a body scrub formulation based on 7% Ulva lactuca salt residue, based on the evaluation of the chemical and physical characteristics of the product (including total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and skin moisture). The research procedure included the preparation and characterization of Ulva lactuca salt residue and white rice powder (Oryza sativa), followed by the formulation of body scrub containing 7% Ulva lactuca salt residue with the addition of white rice at concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10% (w/w). The results showed that the addition of white rice (Oryza sativa) affected the chemical and physical characteristics of the body scrub formulation. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content increased up to a concentration of 8% and decreased at a concentration of 10%. All formulations exhibited pH values within the range specified by SNI 16-4399-1996 for cosmetic products. Viscosity and spreadability varied among formulations with increasing white rice concentration, while all formulations were homogeneous and exhibited an oil in water (O/W) emulsion type. All formulations were able to increase skin moisture after application; however, the increase in skin moisture tended to decrease with increasing white rice concentration. Sensory evaluation showed a significant difference in appearance, whereas aroma, color, and texture did not differ significantly among formulations and were acceptable to panelists. All formulations did not cause skin irritation. The best body scrub formulation was obtained with the addition of 8% white rice (F2), which exhibited strong antioxidant activity, contained phenolic compounds, met the physical requirements of SNI 16-4399-1996, and was safe for use.