Analisis Phytoncides dan Respons Kesehatan pada Aktivitas Healing Forest di Ruang Terbuka Hijau dengan Variasi Iklim Mikro

Abstract

Senyawa phytoncide yang dihasilkan vegetasi diketahui berperan dalam memberikan efek positif bagi kesehatan manusia, termasuk dalam menurunkan stres sebagai salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat urban. Namun, penelitian mengenai pelaksanaan healing forest di wilayah beriklim tropis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa phytoncide di lokasi penelitian, mengevaluasi respons kesehatan pada ruang terbuka hijau dengan karakteristik iklim mikro yang berbeda, serta mengidentifikasi potensi dampak sosial dan ekonomi dari healing forest pada kawasan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Pasundan Cisamaya (Kabupaten Kuningan) dan Taman Hutan Raya Ir. Djuanda (Kabupaten Bandung) pada Oktober 2024–Februari 2025. Parameter kesehatan yang diukur meliputi saturasi oksigen, denyut nadi, tekanan darah, stres fisik, stres mental, resistensi stres, dan skor stres, serta parameter iklim mikro. Sampel phytoncide diambil dari tiga jenis pohon dominan dan dua sampel serasah di masing-masing lokasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan kondisi iklim mikro dan profil senyawa volatil antar lokasi. Cisamaya teridentifikasi memiliki 117 jenis senyawa volatil (total peak area 362,16%) dengan dominansi a-pinene, sedangkan Djuanda memiliki 6 jenis senyawa volatil (total peak area 41,98%) dengan dominansi Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-. Secara umum, kedua lokasi menunjukkan penurunan parameter stres, dengan perbedaan pola respons fisiologis antar lokasi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas healing forest bersifat kontekstual dan dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor biofisik lokasi serta karakteristik peserta, sehingga setiap lokasi memiliki potensi spesifik yang dapat dioptimalkan sesuai tujuan intervensi kesehatan. Selain manfaat kesehatan, healing forest juga berpotensi mendorong pengembangan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat melalui keterlibatan lokal dan peluang ekowisata berbasis kesehatan sebagai upaya pengembangan yang berkelanjutan.

Phytoncide compounds produced by vegetation are known to play a role in providing positive effects on human health, including reducing stress as one of the issues in urban public health. However, research on the implementation of healing forests in tropical regions is still limited. This study aims to identify phytoncide compounds at the research site, evaluate health responses in green open spaces with different microclimate characteristics, and identify the potential social and economic impacts of healing forests in the area. The research was conducted in Kampung Pasundan Cisamaya (Kuningan Regency) and Ir. Djuanda Forest Park (Bandung Regency) from October 2024 to February 2025. The health parameters measured include oxygen saturation, pulse rate, blood pressure, physical stress, mental stress, stress resistance, and stress score, as well as microclimate parameters. Phytoncide samples were taken from three dominant tree species and two litter samples at each location, then analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed differences in microclimate conditions and volatile compound profiles between locations. Cisamaya was identified to have 117 types of volatile compounds (total peak area 362.16%) with a dominance of a-pinene, whereas Djuanda had 6 types of volatile compounds (total peak area 41.98%) with a dominance of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-. In general, both locations showed a decrease in stress parameters, with differences in physiological response patterns between the locations. These findings affirm that the effectiveness of healing forests is contextual and influenced by a combination of the site's biophysical factors and participant characteristics, so each location has specific potential that can be optimized according to health intervention goals. In addition to health benefits, healing forests also have the potential to encourage socio-economic development of communities through local involvement and health-based ecotourism opportunities as a sustainable development attempt.