Analisis Pengaruh Aktivitas Geothermal PT Indonesia Power Kamojang Terhadap Kriteria Kesesuaian Agroklimat dan Produktivitas Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract

Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang tumbuh optimal dengan kriteria agroklimat khusus seperti iklim, elevasi, sifat fisik dan sifat kimia tanah. Aktivitas geothermal diduga mempengaruhi parameter agroklimat yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan maupun produktivitas tanaman kopi Arabika. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas geothermal terhadap kriteria kesesuaian agroklimat dan produktivitas kopi Arabika di Kamojang. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan deskriptif, kuantitatif dan komparatif serta analisis spasial berbasis sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Pengambian data dan pengamatan dilakukan pada 5 (lima) titik lokasi berdasarkan jarak terdekat dan jarak terjauh dari pusat geothermal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas geothermal berpengaruh terhadap nilai agroklimat tanaman kopi Arabika berdasarkan radius. Lokasi 1, 2, 3 dan 4 (<1.000 m) termasuk kedalam klasifikasi S1 (highly suitable) sehingga agroklimat pada lokasi tersebut sangat sesuai bagi syarat tumbuh tanaman kopi Arabika. Lokasi kontrol (>3 km) termasuk ke dalam klasifikasi S2 (suitable) sehingga agroklimat pada lokasi kontrol sesuai bagi syarat tumbuh tanaman kopi Arabika. Aktivitas geothermal berpengaruh terhadap penurunan produksi tanaman kopi Arabika pada lokasi terdekat yaitu lokasi 1, 2 dan 3 (<750 m).

Kata kunci: agroklimat, geothermal, kopi Arabika, produktivitas

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the leading commodities that grows optimally under specific agroclimatic conditions such as climate, elevation, physical properties, and chemical properties of the soil. Geothermal activity is tought to influence agroclimatic parameters that affect the growth and productivity of Arabica coffee plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of geothermal activity on agroclimatic suitability criteria and Arabica coffee productivity in Kamojang. The study was conducted using desciptive, quantitative, and comparative approaches as well as spatial analysis based on a geographic information system (GIS). Data collection and observation were carried out at five locations based on the closest and furthest distance from the geothermal center. The result showed that geothermal activity affected the agroclimatic value of Arabica coffee plants based on radius. Location 1, 2, 3, and 4 (<1 km) were classified as S1 (Highly suitable), meaning that the agroclimatic at these locations was very suitable for the growth requirements of Arabica coffee plants. The control location (>3 km) is classified as S2 (Suitable), meaning that the agroclimatic at the control location is suitable for the growth requirements of Arabica coffee plants. Geothermal activity affects the decline in Arabica coffee production at the closest locations, namely locations 1, 2, and 3 (<750 m).

Keywords: agroclimate, arabica coffee, geothermal, productivity