Pengaruh Spektrum LED Grow Light terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Anggrek Phalaenopsis

Abstract

Anggrek bulan (Phalaenopsis) berpotensial tinggi sebagai tanaman hias ekspor Indonesia yang memerlukan optimalisasi dalam plant factory. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh spektrum LED (ungu, ungu-putih, putih, kontrol) terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif/generatif tiga genotipe (P. amabilis, P. pulcherrima 'Aceh', P. ‘Bonita’). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa spektrum LED ungu putih memberikan panjang daun tertinggi, diikuti oleh LED putih. Sedangkan untuk lebar daun, cahaya matahari dan LED putih memberikan hasil terbaik. Selain itu, densitas stomata tertinggi ditemukan pada spektrum LED putih diikuti oleh LED ungu. Secara genotipe, ketebalan daun tertinggi dan stabil ditemukan pada P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ dan bukaan stomata tertinggi ditemukan pada P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ dan P. ‘Bonita’. Sementara itu jumlah daun, densitas stomata, kandungan klorofil tertinggi, dan warna daun dominan ditemukan pada P. amabilis. Uji ketahanan penyakit menunjukkan bahwa P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ dan P. amabilis lebih rentan dan P. ‘Bonita’ lebih resisten terhadap penyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan oleh D. dadantii. LED putih memberikan densitas stomata tertinggi (26,61 stomata mm?¹) diikuti LED ungu (24,91 stomata mm?¹), sementara LED ungu/ungu-putih menginduksi spike P. pulcherrima 'Aceh' paling cepat pada 7 MSP. Optimasi intensitas cahaya pada spektrum LED Grow light dan pengaturan suhu penting untuk mendorong pertumbuhan anggrek Phalaenopsis di plant factory.

The moon orchid (Phalaenopsis) has high potential as an Indonesian export ornamental plant that requires optimization in plant factories. This study identified the effect of LED spectrum (purple, purple-white, white, control) on the vegetative/generative growth of three genotypes (P. amabilis, P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’, P. ‘Bonita’). The results showed that the purple-white LED spectrum produced the longest leaves, followed by white LED. Meanwhile, for leaf width, sunlight and white LED provided the best results. In addition, the highest stomatal density was found in the white LED spectrum, followed by purple LED. By genotype, the highest and most stable leaf thickness was found in P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’, and the highest stomatal opening was found in P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ and P. ‘Bonita’. Meanwhile, the highest number of leaves, stomatal density, chlorophyll content, and dominant leaf color were found in P. amabilis. Disease resistance tests showed that P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ and P. amabilis were more susceptible and P. ‘Bonita’ was more resistant to soft rot caused by D. dadantii. White LEDs provided the highest stomatal density (26,61 stomata mm?¹) followed by purple LEDs (24,91 stomata mm?¹), while purple/purple-white LEDs induced the fastest spike in P. pulcherrima ‘Aceh’ at 7 WPT. Optimizing light intensity in the LED grow light spectrum and temperature settings is crucial for promoting the growth of Phalaenopsis orchids in plant factories.