Evaluasi Morfologi serta Histologi In Vitro dan Ex Vitro Kandidat Mutan Poliploid Anggrek Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. MV3, MV4, dan MV5

Abstract

Anggrek merupakan tanaman hias dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolkisin dan lama perendaman terhadap karakter morfologi dan histologi kandidat mutan poliploid Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. pada generasi MV3, MV4, dan MV5 secara in vitro dan ex vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 2 dan Laboratorium Mikroteknik, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat percobaan, yaitu percobaan I. Subkultur eksplan MV3 menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT), percobaan II, III, dan IV merupakan aklimatisasi kandidat mutan generasi MV3, MV4, dan MV5. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan faktor kombinasi yaitu konsentrasi kolkisin dan lama perendaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan planlet Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. yang berhasil tumbuh pada percobaan I, memperlihatkan proliferasi tunas, pseudobulb, dan akar dengan hasil terbaik pada perlakuan kontrol (0,00%; 48 jam). Percobaan II menunjukkan kolkisin memengaruhi kerapatan stomata dan trichoma, dengan nilai tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,04%. Pada percobaan III, kolkisin 0,06% selama 48 jam meningkatkan jumlah dan kerapatan stomata dan trichoma, sementara variasi ketebalan daun masih terlihat. Percobaan IV menunjukkan kolkisin 0,08% selama 24 jam menghasilkan karakter stomata terbaik, sedangkan respon trichoma bervariasi antar perlakuan. Pada percobaan II, III, dan IV masih terdapat keseragaman dari ketebalan tulang daun antar individu, dengan rata-rata ketebalan tebal dan tipis.

Orchids are ornamental plants with high economic value. This study aims to study the effect of colchicine and soaking time on the morphological and histological characters of polyploid mutant candidates of Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. in the MV3, MV4, and MV5 generations in vitro and ex vitro. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory 2 and the Microtechnics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This study consisted of four experiments, experiment I. Subculture of MV3 explants using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RKLT), experiments II, III, and IV were acclimatization of mutant candidates of MV3, MV4, and MV5 generations respectively. The experiments were arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with combination factors colchicine concentration and soaking time. The results showed that Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. plantlets that successfully grew in Experiment I exhibited shoot, pseudobulb, and root proliferation, with the best performance observed in the control treatment (0.00% colchicine; 48 h). Experiment II demonstrated that colchicine affected stomatal and trichome density, with the highest values obtained at a concentration of 0.04%. In Experiment III, colchicine at 0.06% for 48 h increased stomatal and trichome number and density, although variation in leaf thickness was still observed. Experiment IV showed that colchicine at 0.08% for 24 h produced the most favorable stomatal characteristics, while trichome responses varied among treatments. In Experiments II, III, and IV, leaf midrib thickness showed relative uniformity among individuals, with average values representing both thick and thin leaf categories.