Evaluasi Keberlanjutan Pertanian Perkotaan Berbasis Komunitas di Kota Bogor

Abstract

Kota Bogor menghadapi tantangan kompleks akibat pertumbuhan populasi 1,62% per tahun dan konversi lahan pertanian rata-rata 3% per tahun yang mengancam ketahanan pangan lokal. Pertanian perkotaan berbasis komunitas dengan 402 kelompok tani muncul sebagai alternatif strategis namun memerlukan evaluasi keberlanjutan komprehensif untuk menganalisis: (1) tipologi dan karakteristik, (2) tingkat keberlanjutan menggunakan Community Sustainability Assessment (CSA), dan (3) strategi pengembangan berbasis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilaksanakan Maret-September 2025 menggunakan convergent parallel mixed methods melalui survei 46 kelompok tani, Focus Group Discussion dengan 18 perwakilan komunitas, dan wawancara 5 informan pentahelix. Keberlanjutan dievaluasi menggunakan CSA yang mengintegrasikan dimensi ekologi, sosial, dan spiritual (pembobotan 0-999+), sedangkan strategi ditentukan melalui AHP dengan perbandingan berpasangan. Karakteristik pertanian perkotaan didominasi kelompok skala kecil (76% mengelola <5.000 m²), teknologi konvensional (73,9%), dan produksi sayuran (95,65%). Demografi menunjukkan dominasi perempuan (65,2%), usia 51-55 tahun (26,1%), dan berpendidikan sarjana (45,7%). Evaluasi keberlanjutan komunitas menghasilkan skor total 1120 (sangat baik) dengan hierarki tidak terduga: dimensi sosial tertinggi (396, 35,4%), spiritual (377, 33,7%), dan ekologi terendah (347, 31,0%), mengungkap paradigma modal sosial dan nilai spiritual menjadi fondasi mengatasi keterbatasan teknis-ekologis. Kekuatan utama meliputi aspek pendidikan, jaringan sosial, dan kesadaran global, sementara area kritis mencakup pengelolaan limbah cair, energi, dan infrastruktur. Hasil analisis AHP menghasilkan konsensus pentahelix dengan prioritas kriteria pada keberlanjutan sosial-ekologi, viabilitas ekonomi, dan keberlanjutan operasional. Strategi prioritas yang dirumuskan meliputi penguatan kapasitas bisnis dan kelembagaan, pengembangan rantai nilai dan kemitraan, serta optimalisasi produksi dan teknologi. Implementasi dirancang dalam empat pilar utama yang berfokus pada peningkatan nilai ekonomi kelompok, integrasi sistem energi terbarukan dan pengelolaan limbah, serta penguatan aspek sosial melalui regenerasi petani muda dan kolaborasi komunitas. Strategi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kontribusi pertanian perkotaan terhadap kebutuhan sayuran kota serta memperluas partisipasi rumah tangga guna mencapai tingkat keberlanjutan yang lebih optimal.

SURIYA ADI PUTRA. Sustainability Assessment of Community-Based Urban Agriculture in Bogor City. Supervised by HADI SUSILO ARIFIN and SUPRIYANTO. Bogor City faced complex challenges due to population growth of 1.62% per year and agricultural land conversion averaging 3% annually, threatening local food security. Community-based urban agriculture with 402 farmer groups emerged as a strategic alternative but required comprehensive sustainability evaluation to analyze (1) typology and characteristics, (2) sustainability levels using Community Sustainability Assessment (CSA), and (3) development strategies based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research was conducted from March to September 2025 using convergent parallel mixed methods through surveys of 46 farmer groups, Focus group discussions with 18 community representatives, and interviews with 5 pentahelix informants. Sustainability was evaluated using CSA which integrated ecological, social, and spiritual dimensions (weighting 0-999+), while strategies were determined through AHP with pairwise comparisons. Urban agriculture characteristics were dominated by small-scale groups (76% managed <5,000 m²), conventional technology (73.9%), and vegetable production (95.65%). Demographics showed dominance of women (65.2%), ages 51-55 years (26.1%), and bachelor's degree holders (45.7%). Community sustainability evaluation yielded a total score of 1120 (very good) with unexpected hierarchy: social dimension highest (396, 35.4%), spiritual (377, 33.7%), and ecological lowest (347, 31.0%), revealing a paradigm where social capital and spiritual values became the foundation for overcoming technical-ecological constraints. Main strengths included educational aspects, social networks, and global awareness, while critical areas encompassed liquid waste management, energy, and infrastructure. Analysis using AHP generated pentahelix consensus with criteria priorities on social-ecological sustainability, economic viability, and operational sustainability. The priority strategies formulated included strengthening business and institutional capacity, developing value chains and partnerships, and optimizing production and technology. Implementation was designed across four main pillars focusing on increasing group economic value, integrating renewable energy systems and waste management, and strengthening social aspects through young farmer regeneration and community collaboration. These strategies were expected to enhance urban agriculture's contribution to city vegetable needs and expand household participation to achieve more optimal sustainability levels.