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      Identifikasi Tipe Polen Dari Korbikula Lebah Heterotrigona Itama Di Tiga Lokasi Pulau Belitung

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Fitria, Sahilatun Sa'adah
      Ariyanti, Nunik Sri
      Raffiudin, Rika
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      Abstract
      Lebah berperan penting dalam proses penyerbukan, sementara tumbuhan menyediakan nektar dan polen sebagai sumber pakan bagi lebah. Tumbuhan sumber pakan lebah dapat diidentifikasi dari tipe polen yang dikumpulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman dan menganalisis kelimpahan tipe polen yang kumpulkan lebah tanpa sengat Heterotrigona itama di Desa Batu Itam, Desa Sukamandi, dan Desa Keciput, Kecamatan Membalong, Kabupaten Belitung. Sampel polen dikoleksi dari korbikula lebah H. itama yang berasal dari tiga koloni pada setiap desa, dengan sepuluh lebah per koloni. Sampel polen dipreparasi dengan metode asetolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 30 tipe polen yang berasal dari 20 famili tumbuhan, dengan empat tipe polen belum dapat diidentifikasi. Keanekaragaman tipe polen paling tinggi, yaitu 18 tipe polen, dijumpai di Desa Keciput. Nilai indeks keragaman (H’) tipe polen yang dikumpulkan koloni lebah bervariasi dari kategori rendah hingga sedang, sedangkan indeks dominansi (D) menunjukan variasi dari rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis kelimpahan polen, polen predominan yang dikumpulkan oleh H. itama di ketiga lokasi berasal dari pohon Acacia mangium, semak Melastoma malabathricum, pohon Rhizophora mucronata, dan Sp 2. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa selain tumbuhan dengan habitus pohon, lebah H. itama di ketiga lokasi juga memanfaatkan tumbuhan berhabitus semak sebagai sumber pakan penting di ketiga lokasi penelitian.
       
      Bees play an important role in pollination, while plants provide nectar and pollen as food resources for bees. Bee forage plants can be identified based on the types of pollen collected. This study aimed to identify the diversity and analyze the abundance of pollen types collected by the stingless bee Heterotrigona itama in Batu Itam Village, Sukamandi Village, and Keciput Village, Membalong District, Belitung Regency. Pollen samples were collected from the corbiculae of H. itama from three colonies in each village, with ten bees sampled per colony. The pollen samples were prepared using the acetolysis method. The results showed that a total of 30 pollen types belonging to 20 plant families were identified, with four pollen types remaining unidentified. The highest pollen type diversity, comprising 18 pollen types, was recorded in Keciput Village. The Shannon diversity index (H') of pollen types collected by bee colonies ranged from low to moderate, while the dominance index (D) varied from low to moderate to high. Based on pollen abundance analysis, the predominant pollen types collected by H. itama across the three locations originated from the tree Acacia mangium, the shrub Melastoma malabathricum, the tree Rhizophora mucronata, and an unidentified pollen type (Sp. 2). These findings indicate that, in addition to tree-habitus plants, H. itama also utilizes shrub-habitus plants as important forage resources at the three study locations.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171895
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