Analisis Morfometrika Venasi Daun Dillenia Koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor

Abstract

Dillenia (Famili Dilleniaceae) merupakan tumbuhan tropis dengan keragaman yang tinggi dan bernilai konservasi. Identifikasi spesies sering terkendala ketika hanya tersedia organ vegetatif seperti daun. Penelitian ini menganalisis morfometrika geometris pola venasi daun lima spesies Dillenia koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor (D. pteropoda, D. suffruticosa, D. retusa, D. philippinensis, dan D. excelsa) untuk mendukung identifikasi menggunakan analisis morfometrika. Sebanyak 250 daun dewasa dipindai, didigitasi menggunakan 24 landmark, dan dianalisis melalui Principal Component Analysis (PCA), serta perhitungan jarak Euclidean. Landmark lateral atas (nomor 3–6) menjadi zona diferensiasi utama antarspesies. Analisis jarak menunjukkan kedekatan morfometrika tertinggi antara D. philippinensis dan D. suffruticosa, serta perbedaan terbesar antara D. philippinensis dan D. pteropoda. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan morfometrika geometris mampu membedakan spesies Dillenia, khususnya antara D. philippinensis dan D. pteropoda.

Dillenia (Family Dilleniaceae) is a tropical plant genus with high diversity and significant conservation value. Species identification is often constrained when only vegetative organs such as leaves are available. This study analyzes the geometric morphometrics of leaf venation patterns in five Dillenia species from the Bogor Botanical Gardens collection (D. pteropoda, D. suffruticosa, D. retusa, D. philippinensis, and D. excelsa) to support species identification using morphometric approaches. A total of 250 mature leaves were scanned, digitized using 24 landmarks, and analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean distance calculations. The upper lateral landmarks (numbers 3–6) served as the primary differentiation zone among species. Distance analysis revealed the closest morphometric affinity between D. philippinensis and D. suffruticosa, and the greatest divergence between D. philippinensis and D. pteropoda. These findings confirm that geometric morphometric approaches can effectively distinguish several Dillenia species, particularly between D. philippinensis and D. pteropoda.