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      Peningkatan Ukuran Umbi Bawang Putih Varietas Tawangmangu Baru melalui Pemberian Kolkisin secara In Vitro

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD FADHIL
      Purwito, Agus
      Rahayu, Megayani Sri
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      Abstract
      Ukuran umbi bawang putih lokal yang relatif kecil menjadi salah satu faktor rendahnya daya saing terhadap varietas impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kombinasi konsentrasi senyawa kolkisin dan lama perendaman tertentu yang dapat memperbesar ukuran umbi melalui induksi poliploidisasi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tujuh perlakuan, melibatkan konsentrasi 0, 50, dan 100 ppm serta lama perendaman 24, 48, dan 72 jam, masing-masing dengan sepuluh ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan perlakuan 50 ppm selama 48 jam mampu meningkatkan jumlah kromosom rata-rata hingga 23.18 serta panjang stomata mencapai 112.59 µm. Bobot umbi mikro tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 24 jam 50 ppm dengan rata-rata 1.05 g, sementara bobot kontrol hanya 0.32 g. Pada parameter morfologi, perlakuan 48 jam 50 ppm menghasilkan panjang umbi 2.05 cm, sedangkan lebar umbi terbesar dicapai pada 24 jam/50 ppm dengan nilai 1.23 cm. Sebaliknya, konsentrasi tinggi dan durasi lama (72 jam 100 ppm) menurunkan pertumbuhan, dengan panjang umbi hanya 1.88 cm dan lebar 0.92 cm. Hasil ini membuktikan efektivitas kolkisin dalam induksi poliploidisasi untuk meningkatkan ukuran umbi bawang putih Tawangmangu Baru.
       
      The relatively small size of local garlic bulbs is one factor contributing to their low competitiveness against imported varieties. This study aims to determine whether a combination of colchicine compound concentrations and specific soaking times can improve bulb size through the induction of polyploidization. The study used a completely randomized factorial design with seven treatments, involving concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 ppm and immersion times of 24, 48, and 72 hours, each with ten replicates. The results showed that the 50 ppm treatment for 48 hours was able to increase the average number of chromosomes to 23.18 and the stomatal length to 112.59 µm. The highest microtuber weight was obtained in the 24-hour 50 ppm treatment with an average of 1.05 g, while the control weight was only 0.32 g. In terms of morphological parameters, the 48-hour 50 ppm treatment produced a tuber length of 2.05 cm, while the largest tuber width was achieved in the 24-hour/50 ppm treatment with a value of 1.23 cm. Conversely, high concentrations and long durations (72 hours at 100 ppm) reduced growth, with bulb length only 1.88 cm and width 0.92 cm. These results prove the effectiveness of colchicine in inducing polyploidization to increase the size of Tawangmangu Baru garlic bulbs.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171759
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7620]

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