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      Optimasi Produksi Bioetanol dari Biomassa Residu Agar Pengolahan Gracilaria sp. Menggunakan Deep Eutetic Solvent (DES)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Manurung, Josua Daniel
      Uju
      Santoso, Joko
      Sudiyani, Yanni
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      Abstract
      Produksi bioetanol dari biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan salah satu pendekatan strategis dalam upaya transisi menuju energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Biomassa residu agar dari Gracilaria sp. memiliki potensi sebagai sumber bahan baku bioetanol karena mengandung selulosa dan hemiselulosa dalam jumlah signifikan serta kadar lignin yang relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas praperlakuan menggunakan Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) berbasis kalium karbonat (K2CO3) dan etilen glikol (EG), serta mengoptimalkan kondisi praperlakuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi bioetanol melalui metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan Central Composite Design (CCD). Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) digunakan sebagai pelarut alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dengan sifat viskositas rendah, tidak mudah menguap, dapat terurai secara hayati, serta efisien dalam melarutkan lignin. Variabel penelitian meliputi suhu (100, 130 dan 150°C), waktu (60, 90 dan 120 menit), dan konsentrasi DES (30, 60 dan 90%). Analisis kandungan lignin, selulosa, dan hemiselulosa dilakukan untuk menilai efektivitas praperlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum tercapai pada suhu 150°C, selama 60 menit, dan konsentrasi DES 30%, yang menghasilkan pengurangan kandungan lignin hingga 4,78%. Proses hidrolisis dilakukan menggunakan enzim agarase dan selulase, dan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan biomassa pada konsentrasi 10% menghasilkan gula pereduksi tertinggi sebesar 53,54 ± 2,42 g/L. Konsentrasi substrat 12,5% terjadi penurunan kandungan gula pereduksi menjadi 47,49 ± 9,16 g/L, yang mengindikasikan adanya batas optimal konsentrasi substrat. Fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae menunjukkan bahwa bioetanol tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 2,27 ± 0,38%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa praperlakuan menggunakan DES K2CO3:EG efektif dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat fermentasi melalui pengurangan lignin dan peningkatan kandungan selulosa. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung potensi pemanfaatan limbah biomassa laut sebagai sumber energi terbarukan dalam kerangka pengembangan biofuel generasi ketiga.
       
      The production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a strategic approach in the transition toward sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy. Agar residue biomass derived from Gracilaria sp. holds significant potential as a raw material for bioethanol production due to its high cellulose and hemicellulose content and relatively low lignin concentration. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of pretreatment using a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) based on potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and ethylene glycol (EG), and to optimize the pretreatment conditions to improve bioethanol production efficiency through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Central Composite Design (CCD). Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was employed as an environmentally friendly alternative solvent characterized by low viscosity, low volatility, biodegradability, and high efficiency in dissolving lignin. The investigated variables included temperature (100, 130, and 150°C), duration (60, 90, and 120 minutes), and DES concentration (30%, 60%, and 90%). Analyses of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the pretreatment process. The results showed that the optimal pretreatment condition was achieved at 150°C for 60 minutes with a DES concentration of 30%, resulting in a reduction of lignin content to 4.78%. The hydrolysis process, carried out using agarase and cellulase enzymes, revealed that the highest reducing sugar concentration (53.54 ± 2.42 g/L) was obtained at a biomass concentration of 10%. At 12.5% substrate concentration, the reducing sugar content decreased to 47.49 ± 9.16 g/L, indicating an optimal substrate threshold. Fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded the highest ethanol concentration at 2.27 ± 0.38%. These findings confirm that pretreatment using DES K2CO3:EG is effective in enhancing the availability of fermentable substrates by reducing lignin content and increasing cellulose concentration. The research provides valuable insights into the sustainable utilization of seaweed processing waste as a feedstock for third-generation bioethanol production, contributing to renewable energy development and climate change mitigation.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171056
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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