OPTIMALISASI REHABILITASI HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA UJUNGALANG KABUPATEN CILACAP

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove di Desa Ujungalang mengalami tekanan berat akibat sedimentasi, alih fungsi lahan, dan aktivitas antropogenik, yang berdampak pada penurunan tutupan dan kualitas hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kondisi vegetasi, sosial-ekonomi, dan kelembagaan yang memengaruhi rehabilitasi mangrove, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu keberhasilan, serta merumuskan strategi optimalisasi berbasis pendekatan sistemik. Metode yang digunakan ialah pendekatan mixed-method, meliputi analisis vegetasi dengan transek kuadrat, survei sosial-ekonomi berbasis KAP terhadap 42 responden, wawancara mendalam terhadap 6 informan kunci, analisis struktural menggunakan MICMAC, serta perumusan strategi melalui pendekatan SWOT-QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan rehabilitasi yang signifikan, dengan kerapatan pohon mencapai 7,489/ha (sekitar 5 kali standar minimal menurut PerMen LHK), tujuh spesies mangrove, indeks keanekaragaman 1,10–1,52, dan tingkat regenerasi alami terdapat anakan di setiap stasiun. Dari aspek sosial-ekonomi, 67% masyarakat menggantungkan penghidupan pada sumber daya mangrove melalui silvofishery (45%) dan perikanan (43%), dengan tingkat kesadaran mencapai 100%, namun partisipasi aktual hanya 55%, dipengaruhi oleh motivasi ekonomi jangka pendek (80%). Secara kelembagaan, terdapat fragmentasi kewenangan dan lemahnya peran pemerintah desa, sementara Kelompok Tani Patra Krida Wana Lestari berperan aktif sebagai pelaksana utama rehabilitasi. Analisis MICMAC mengidentifikasi 10 variabel kunci: penggerak (Kebijakan Pemerintah, Dukungan Kelembagaan Lokal dan Non Lokal, CSR), penghubung (Partisipasi dan Persepsi), dan hasil (Kerapatan, Pendapatan Rumah Tangga, Jenis Spesies). Strategi optimalisasi menghasilkan 12 alternatif dan dikelompokkan ke dalam kuadran I (IFAS 2,73; EFAS 2,58). Lima strategi prioritas utama meliputi: penguatan silvofishery terpadu (STAS 6,48), peningkatan koordinasi multi-stakeholder (6,12), kolaborasi antar-desa (5,68), pemberian insentif ekonomi berkelanjutan (5,56), dan penguatan kapasitas pemerintah desa (5,42).

The mangrove ecosystem in Ujungalang Village has been subjected to severe pressure from sedimentation, land-use conversion, and anthropogenic activities, resulting in the decline of mangrove forest coverage and quality. This study aimed to assess vegetation conditions, socio-economic factors, and institutional aspects affecting mangrove rehabilitation, identify determinant factors for successful restoration, and formulate optimization strategies based on a systemic approach. A mixed-method approach was employed, comprising vegetation analysis using quadrat transects, socio-economic surveys based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) framework involving 42 respondents, in-depth interviews with 6 key informants, structural analysis using MICMAC (Structural Analysis of Cross-Impact Matrix and Classification), and strategy formulation through SWOT-QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) approach. Results demonstrated significant rehabilitation success, with tree density reaching 7,489 trees/ha (approximately 5 times the minimum standard according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation), seven mangrove species, diversity indices ranging from 1.10–1.52, and natural regeneration evident through seedling presence at all stations. From a socio-economic perspective, 67% of the community depends on mangrove resources for their livelihood through silvofishery (45%) and fisheries (43%), with awareness levels reaching 100%, although actual participation was only 55%, influenced by short-term economic motivations (80%). Institutionally, authority fragmentation and weak village government roles were observed, while the Patra Krida Wana Lestari Farmer Group played an active role as the primary rehabilitation implementer. MICMAC analysis identified 10 key variables: driving variables (Government Policy, Local and Non-local Institutional Support, Corporate Social Responsibility), linkage variables (Participation and Perception), and result variables (Density, Household Income, Species Diversity). The optimization strategy generated 12 alternatives, categorized into Quadrant I (IFAS 2.73; EFAS 2.58). Five primary priority strategies include: strengthening integrated silvofishery (STAS 6.48), enhancing multi-stakeholder coordination (6.12), inter-village collaboration (5.68), providing sustainable economic incentives (5.56), and strengthening village government capacity (5.42).