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      Analisis Saluran Pemasaran dan Pendapatan Usahatani Komoditas Jamur Tiram (Kampung Jamur Payolinyam, Kelurahan Tigo Koto Dibaruah, Kota Payakumbuh)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      SUWANDRA, CHICA
      Hadianto, Adi
      Osmaleli
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      Abstract
      Payakumbuh Utara berkontribusi 67,79% dari total produksi jamur tiram yang ada di Sumatra Barat pada tahun 2021. Kampung Jamur Payolinyam menjadi salah satu sentra produksi jamur tiram yang ada di Payakumbuh, walaupun menjadi daerah sentra produksi, pada kenyataannya petani memiliki daya saing dan produktivitas yang rendah pada aspek pemasaran. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh variasi pola pemasaran jamur tiram. Variasi menyebabkan disparitas harga antar wilayah, dan variasi harga yang naik antar waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran, lembaga dan fungsi pemasaran jamur tiram dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan marjin pemasaran, menganalisis pendapatan usahatani menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan R/C rasio, dan menganalisis peran aktor untuk keberlanjutan usahatani menggunakan analisis MACTOR. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga saluran pemasaran jamur tiram segar, marjin terkecil berada pada saluran ke-2 yaitu Rp 10.000/Kg. Rata-rata pendapatan atas biaya total usahatani jamur tiram adalah Rp 2.776.228 per 1000 baglog per musim tanam, dengan nilai R/C atas biaya tunai dan biaya total masing-masing 4,42 dan 2,14. Aktor yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap isu keberlanjutan adalah Ketua KWT. Ketua KWT dan pengepul berada pada kuadran II (relay actors) yaitu aktor dengan pengaruh dan ketergantungan yang tinggi. Seluruh aktor menunjukkan kesepahaman dalam mendukung tujuan utama keberlanjutan, yaitu peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani.
       
      North Payakumbuh contributed 67.79% of the total oyster mushroom production in West Sumatra in 2021. Kampung Jamur Payolinyam is one of the main oyster mushroom production centers in Payakumbuh, however, despite its status as a production center, farmers in the area still experience low competitiveness and productivity in terms of marketing. This condition is influenced by variations in oyster mushroom marketing patterns, which lead to regional price disparities and price fluctuations over time. This study aims to identify the marketing channels, institutions, and marketing functions of oyster mushrooms using qualitative descriptive methods and marketing margin analysis; to analyze farm income using income analysis and the R/C ratio; and to analyze the roles of actors in supporting sustainability using the MACTOR analysis. The results show that there are three marketing channels for fresh oyster mushrooms, with the smallest margin found in the second channel, amounting to Rp 10.000 per kilogram. The average income based on total production cost is Rp 2.776.228 per 1.000 baglogs per planting season, with R/C ratios of 4,42 (based on cash cost) and 2,4 (based on total cost). The actor with the greatest influence on sustainability issues is the Chairperson of the Women Farmers Group (KWT). Both the KWT Chairperson and the collectors are positioned in Quadrant II (relay actors), meaning they have both high influence and high dependency. All actors demonstrated consensus in supporting the main sustainability objectives, namely the increase of mushroom production and farmer income.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169159
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      • UT - Resources and Environmental Economic [2336]

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