Aplikasi BAP terhadap Multiplikasi dan Pertumbuhan Tunas Pisang cv Mas Kirana secara In Vitro

Abstract

Pisang merupakan tanaman buah tropis di Indonesia yang banyak dibudidayakan. Salah satu jenis pisang lokal yang berpotensi dikembangkan adalah pisang Mas Kirana. Perbanyakan pisang mas kirana secara konvensional hanya menghasilkan 1-3 anakan. Alternatif perbanyakan pisang Mas Kirana dapat dilakukan dengan metode kultur jaringan dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) untuk menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon pertumbuhan tunas pisang Mas Kirana dengan penambahan ZPT sitokinin BAP melalui metode kultur jaringan. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB, Kota Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2024 hingga November 2024. Rancangan percobaan penelitian menggunakan RAL monofaktor. Faktornya adalah konsentrasi BAP dengan lima taraf (kontrol, 2 mg L-1 , 4 mg L-1 , 6 mg L-1 , 8 mg L-1 ). Terdapat 5 perlakuan dengan sepuluh ulangan dan setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari satu tanaman. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-F, perlakuan berbeda nyata diuji lanjut DMRT taraf a= 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi konsentrasi BAP tunggal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah tunas yang terbentuk, waktu muncul tunas, persentase terbentuknya tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah tunas berdaun, dan berpengaruh signifikan menghambat waktu berakar, jumlah akar dan persentase tanaman berakar pada pisang Mas Kirana.

Banana is a tropical fruit plant in Indonesia that is widely cultivated. One of the local banana varieties with development potential is Mas Kirana banana. Conventional propagation of Pisang Mas Kirana only produces 1–3 suckers. An alternative propagation method can be carried out through tissue culture with the addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to increase the number of shoots. This study aims to investigate the shoot growth response of Pisang Mas Kirana with the addition of the cytokinin BAP (Benzylaminopurine) through tissue culture techniques. The research was conducted at the Tropical Horticulture Study Center, IPB University, Bogor City, from August 2024 to November 2024. The experimental design used a single-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factor studied was the BAP concentration with five levels (control, 2 mg L-1 , 4 mg L-1 , 6 mg L-1 , 8 mg L-1 ). There were five treatments with ten replications, and each experimental unit consisted of one plant. Data were analyzed using an F-test, and significantly different treatments were further tested using DMRT at a 5% significance level. The results of the study showed that the application of single BAP concentrations had no significant effect on the number of shoots formed, the time of shoot emergence, the percentage of shoot formation, the number of leaves, and the number of leafy shoots. However, it had a significant inhibitory effect on root emergence time, the number of roots, and the percentage of rooted plantlets in banana cv. Mas Kirana.