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      Kinerja Bioremidiasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant yang Mengandung Endospora Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Simatupang, Yeni Veronika
      Fauzi, Anas Miftah
      Yani, Moh.
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      Abstract
      Pencemaran tanah oleh minyak bumi merupakan masalah lingkungan serius yang memerlukan solusi remediasi yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja bioremediasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi menggunakan formula Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) berbahan kelapa sawit sebagai media pembawa endospora bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon, Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis viabilitas (daya tahan) endospora Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 dalam Bio-OSD selama 30 hari, serta uji kinerja bioremediasi pada bioreaktor menggunakan tanah tercemar minyak bumi dalam kondisi steril dan non-steril selama empat minggu. Kinerja dievaluasi melalui analisis Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) secara gravimetri, pengukuran parameter lingkungan (pH, suhu, kadar air, populasi mikrob), dan analisis perubahan senyawa hidrokarbon menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Perbandingan efisiensi biodegradasi dilakukan antara pengaplikasian formula tunggal (Bio-OSD mengandung endospora) dengan pengaplikasian bertahap (Bio-OSD terlebih dahulu, diikuti inokulasi bakteri). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa endospora B. pseudomycoides RAY21 mampu bertahan dan tetap viabel di dalam media pembawa Bio-OSD selama 30 hari masa penyimpanan. Perlakuan menggunakan formula Bio-OSD yang mengandung endospora secara signifikan lebih unggul dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal Bio-OSD saja, kultur bakteri B. pseudomycoides saja, dan perlakuan bertahap, dengan nilai efisiensi degradasi TPH mencapai 76,58% pada tanah steril (S4) dan 70,11% pada tanah non-steril (N4) dalam empat minggu. Metode aplikasi menggunakan Bio-OSD mengandung endospora B. pseudomycoides terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode aplikasi bertahap. Analisis GC-MS mengonfirmasi bahwa perlakuan ini berhasil mendegradasi fraksi hidrokarbon yang kompleks dan bersifat rekalsitran (sulit terurai), termasuk senyawa rantai panjang seperti n-Hexatriacontane (C36) dan n-Dotriacontane (C32). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa formula Bio-OSD mengandung endospora B. pseudomycoides RAY21 merupakan agen bioremediasi yang stabil dan efektif untuk pemulihan tanah yang terkontaminasi minyak bumi.
       
      Soil contamination by crude oil is a serious environmental problem that requires effective and eco-friendly remediation solutions. This study aims to analyze the performance of bioremediation for crude oil-contaminated soil using a Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) formula derived from palm oil as a carrier medium for hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial endospores, Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21. The research was conducted to analyze the viability of Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores in Bio-OSD over 30 days, as well as to evaluate the bioremediation performance in a bioreactor using crude oil contaminated soil under sterile and non-sterile conditions over four weeks. Performance was evaluated through gravimetric analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), measurement of environmental parameters (pH, temperature, moisture content, microbial population), and analysis of hydrocarbon compound changes using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The biodegradating efficiency was compared between a single-application formula (Bio-OSD containing endospores) and a stepwise application (Bio-OSD applied first, followed by bacterial inoculation). The results showed that B. pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores were able to survive and remain viable in the Bio-OSD carrier medium for 30 days of storage. Treatment using the Bio-OSD formula containing endospores was significantly superior to other treatments, with TPH degradation efficiency reaching 76.58% in sterile soil (S4) and 70.11% in non-sterile soil (N4) within four weeks. This application method also proved to be more effective than the stepwise application method. GC-MS analysis confirmed that this treatment successfully degraded complex and recalcitrant hydrocarbon fractions, including long-chain compounds such as n-Hexatriacontane (C36) and n-Dotriacontane (C32). This study demonstrates that the Bio-OSD formula containing B. pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores is a stable and effective bioremediation agent for the recovery of crude oil-contaminated soil.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/168495
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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