Analisis Peran Pendamping Terhadap Keberhasilan Program Keluarga Harapan di Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

The problems of poverty in Indonesia are great challenge facing by the government over time. Poverty is a complex problem that requires special handling and programs. As a commitment of the National Long Term Plan 2010 2014 against poverty reduction, Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Social Affairs, made a design of poverty alleviation program (Hanif et al. 2015). One of the special programs issued by the government in order to accelerate poverty reduction is the conditional cash assistance program or generally known as Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT). The CCT designed by Indonesian government is called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). CCT has contributed in breaking the cycle of poverty among generations, by increasing the participation of poor families in health and education (Stampini et al. 2018). CCT is considered successful as it can provide a social protection strategy, as well as an impact on increasing human capital investment (Glassman et al. 2013). The program gives more beneficial effect to households and children. This assistance has increased students' participation and attendance especially those coming from low-income households (Bauchet 2018). A companion has an important role in determining the success of PKH in Bogor. The success of this program is determined by the intensity and sustainability of the mentoring process. Mentoring is an activity believed to be able to encourage the empowerment of poor poverty (Widyakusuma 2013). ΡΚΗ companion has a position as a partner of both government and society is required to bridge the various interests that come from the government and the society (Habibullah 2011). There are several reasons related to the importance of mentoring process: (a) PKH is a social assistance protection program for very poor households that are unable to meet its basic needs in education and health, (b) the mentoring process provides an infinite space for participants to study with each other and be responsible for the agreed commitments, and (c) strengthen the social capital of PKH participants especially in education and health (Kemensos 2015). In order to meet the aims of the program, the role of a companion is needed. The objectives of this research were to identify the most dominant role of companion in mentoring family program activities, to identify the success of PKH and to analyze the role of companion relationship toward the success of PKH in Bogor. Those objectives could be seen through three aspects: economy, education and health. This research used quantitative approach which then supported by a qualitative approach. The data were obtained from a set of questionnaire and an in depth interview toward the companion and the coordinator of PKH in district level. The selection of respondents was carried out using simple random sampling techniques, with a total of 80 respondents. The selection of informant in qualitative data, was done using a snowball method of 9 people. The secondary data was obtained from various sources such as office unit of PKH in Bogor, Dinas Sosial, Badan Pusat Statistik, national researches and journals. The results showed that the role of educators was the most dominant role by PKH companion in Bogor regency. The companion success of the Harapan family Program in Bogor district can be described through three aspects, including the freedom of PKH on economic, educational and health aspects. The companion had a significant positive role in the success of the PKH on educational and health aspects but it didn't show any significance of the economic aspects. Therefore, training and guidance were nedeed to the both companion and the beneficiary family. The training and advance technical guidance for companion were needed to improve the companion's ability to the role of community representatives so that the program's objectives could be achieved accordingly while training and guidance for the beneficiaries family were needed to improve the family welfare through the creation of jobs opportunities.