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      Penerapan Metode Generalized Structured Component Analysis dalam Menganalisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Mutu Lulusan SMK di Jawa Barat

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Gunawan, Windi
      Susetyo, Budi
      Fitrianto, Anwar
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      Abstract
      Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) memiliki peran strategis dalam menyiapkan lulusan yang kompeten dan siap memasuki dunia kerja. Meskipun demikian, masih banyak lulusan SMK yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan bidang keahliannya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah meningkatnya selektivitas industri dalam proses perekrutan tenaga kerja. Industri cenderung menilai kualitas lulusan, yang salah satunya tercermin melalui hasil akreditasi sekolah. Akreditasi sekolah berfokus pada penilaian empat komponen utama, yaitu Manajemen Sekolah (MS), Mutu Guru (MG), Proses Pembelajaran (PP), dan Mutu Lulusan (ML). Keempat komponen tersebut merupakan peubah laten yang saling berkaitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola hubungan antar komponen serta mengkaji pengaruh indikator terhadap masing-masing komponen akreditasi. Data yang digunakan berasal dari hasil akreditasi SMK oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Sekolah dan Madrasah (BAN-S/M) pada tahun 2022. Metode analisis yang diterapkan adalah Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MS berpengaruh terhadap MG, PP, dan ML. MG berpengaruh terhadap PP dan ML, serta PP berpengaruh terhadap ML. Seluruh hubungan tersebut bersifat positif dan signifikan. Berdasarkan 44 indikator akreditasi, hanya satu indikator yang tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan, yaitu ML04 yang berkaitan dengan kasus perundungan siswa. Model tidak memenuhi validitas diskriminan yang menunjukkan adanya tumpang tindih konsep antar komponen. Nilai FIT dan AFIT sebesar 33% mengindikasikan perlunya peninjauan ulang sistem penilaian akreditasi sekolah agar lebih akurat dan dapat meningkatkan mutu lulusan SMK.
       
      Vocational High Schools (SMK) have a strategic role in preparing graduates who are competent and ready to enter the workforce. However, there are still many SMK graduates who experience difficulties in obtaining jobs that are in accordance with their fields of expertise. One of the reasons is the increasing selectivity of industry in the labor recruitment process. Industry tends to assess the quality of graduates, one of which is reflected through school accreditation results. School accreditation focuses on assessing four main components, namely School Management (MS), Teacher Quality (MG), Learning Process (PP), and Graduate Quality (ML). The four components are latent variables that are interrelated. This study aims to analyze the pattern of relationships between components and examine the influence of indicators on each component of accreditation. The data used comes from the results of SMK accreditation by the National Accreditation Board for Schools and Madrasahs (BAN-S/M) in 2022. The analysis method applied is Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). The results showed that MS affects MG, PP, and ML. MG affects PP and ML, and PP affects ML. All relationships are positive and significant. Based on 44 accreditation indicators, only one indicator did not show a significant effect, namely ML04 which is related to student bullying cases. The model does not meet discriminant validity, which indicates the overlap of concepts between components. The FIT and AFIT values of 33% indicate the need for a review the school accreditation assessment system to be accurate and improve the quality of SMK graduates.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/162594
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      • UT - Statistics and Data Sciences [82]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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