Keragaan Agronomi dan Daya Hasil F3 Edamame Hasil Persilangan Grobogan x Biomax 1 dan G.10428 x Dena 1

Abstract

Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) merupakan tumbuhan dari keluarga Fabaceae yang dikenal dengan biji berukuran sangat besar yang dipanen dalam bentuk polong segar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaan karakter agronomi dan daya hasil enam puluh genotipe F3 edamame hasil persilangan yang memiliki potensi hasil lebih baik dari varietas pembanding. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga bulan September 2024, berlokasi di IP2SIP Muara Bogor, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) augmented dengan genotipe sebagai perlakuan. Varietas pembanding yang digunakan adalah Grobogan, Biomax 1, G.10428, dan Dena 1. Jumlah genotipe uji terdiri dari 30 genotipe edamame (F3) hasil persilangan Grobogan × Biomax 1 dan 30 genotipe edamame (F3) hasil persilangan G.10428 × Dena 1. Genotipe F3 ditanam tanpa ulangan, sedangkan 4 varietas pembanding diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa karakter. Heritabilitas pada genotipe uji memiliki nilai yang rendah hingga tinggi berkisar 0,0-0,90. Hasil analisis korelasi antar karakter yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa, bobot polong muda per tanaman berhubungan erat dan positif terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buku subur, jumlah polong muda total, jumlah polong muda berbiji (1, 2, 3), jumlah polong kering total, jumlah polong kering berbiji (1, 2, 3), persentase polong bernas kering, bobot polong kering per tanaman, dan bobot biji kering per tanaman.

Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a plant from the Fabaceae family known for its very large seeds, which are harvested in the form of fresh pods. This study aims to analyze the agronomic traits and yield performance of sixty F3 edamame genotypes resulting from crosses that have the potential to produce higher yields than the control varieties. The research was conducted from June to September 2024, at IP2SIP Muara Bogor, Bogor. The study employed an Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with genotypes as treatments. The control varieties used were Grobogan, Biomax 1, G.10428, and Dena 1. The test genotypes consisted of 30 F3 edamame genotypes from the cross between Grobogan × Biomax 1 and 30 F3 edamame genotypes from the cross between G.10428 × Dena 1. The F3 genotypes were planted without replication, while the four control varieties were replicated five times. The analysis of variance showed that genotype had a significant effect on several traits. The heritability values of the test genotypes ranged from low to high, between 0.0 and 0.90. The correlation analysis among traits indicated that the fresh pod weight per plant was closely and positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, number of productive branches, number of fertile nodes, total number of fresh pods, number of seeded fresh pods (1, 2, 3 seeds), total number of dry pods, number of seeded dry pods (1, 2, 3 seeds), percentage of well-filled dry pods, dry pod weight per plant, and dry seed weight per plant.