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      Studi Keragaman Genetik 13 Genotipe padi lokal Toraja (Oryza sativa. L) Menggunakan Marka Start Codon Targeted (SCoT)

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Shabrina, Adzkiya Taliya
      Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning
      Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi
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      Abstract
      Padi merupakan makanan pokok bagi 50% populasi dunia dan tingkat produksinya berdampak signifikan terhadap ketahanan pangan global, terutama dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim. Pengembangan varietas padi yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim dan dapat mempertahankan produktivitas di bawah kondisi lingkungan yang suboptimal penting untuk dilakukan. Padi lokal, yang telah dibudidayakan secara turun-temurun, memiliki genotipe yang beradaptasi dengan kondisi iklim spesifik di daerah asalnya, menjadikannya sumber daya genetik yang berharga untuk sifat-sifat seperti ketahanan terhadap hama, penyakit, dan cekaman abiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman genetik di antara 13 genotipe padi lokal dari Toraja melalui karakterisasi malai dan analisis molekuler menggunakan marka start codon targeted (SCoT). Penelitian dilakukan dari Februari hingga Juni 2024 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Molekuler Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor, meliputi dua tahapan utama: karakterisasi morfologi berdasarkan deskriptor dari The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) dan analisis molekuler menggunakan 21 primer SCoT terpilih. Sebanyak 237 lokus terdeteksi menggunakan marka SCoT, dengan 24 di antaranya bersifat monomorfik dan 213 bersifat polimorfik, menghasilkan persentase polimorfisme rata-rata sebesar 89,01%. Sembilan primer menunjukkan polimorfisme mencapai 100%. Nilai polymorphism information content (PIC) berkisar antara 0,35 hingga 0,42, menunjukkan marka SCoT yang digunakan cukup informatif. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik berdasarkan sifat morfologi malai dan marka molekuler membagi padi menjadi dua klaster utama: Klaster A, yang sebagian besar terdiri atas padi Indica tanpa ekor gabah, dan Klaster B, yang terdiri atas padi Javanica dengan ekor gabah. Salah satu genotipe di Klaster A yang memiliki ekor gabah kemungkinan telah mengalami persilangan dan memiliki hubungan dekat dengan kelompok padi tanpa ekor gabah. Begitu pula, varietas komersial Ciherang, yang memiliki ekor pada gabah, diduga memiliki kekerabatan dengan padi tanpa ekor gabah di Klaster A. Sebanyak 27 lokus diduga berhubungan dengan beberapa sifat-sifat malai padi yang dikarakterisasi, yaitu pigmentasi pada beras, keberadaan ekor gabah, dan bobot 100 butir padi.
       
      Rice is a staple food for 50% of the world's population and its production levels have a significant impact on global food security, especially in the face of climate change challenges. It is important to develop rice varieties that are adaptive to the changing climate and capable of maintaining productivity under suboptimal environmental conditions. Local rice, which has been cultivated for generations, has genotypes that are adapted to the specific climatic conditions in their area of origin, making it a valuable genetic resource for traits such as resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity among 13 local rice genotypes from Toraja through panicle characterization and molecular analysis using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. The research was conducted from February to June 2024 at the Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of IPB University, including two main stages: morphological characterization based on descriptors from The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and molecular analysis using 21 selected SCoT primers. A total of 237 loci were detected by the used SCoT primers, of which 24 were monomorphic and 213 were polymorphic, resulting in an average polymorphism percentage of 89.01%. Nine primers showed 100% polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.35 to 0.42, indicating sufficient information. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on panicle morphology and molecular markers divides the 13 rice genotypes into two main clusters: Cluster A, which consists mainly of Indica rice without awns, and Cluster B, which consists of Javanica rice with awns. One of the genotypes in Cluster A that has awns has likely been crossbred and is closely related to the group of rice without awns. Similarly, the commercial variety Ciherang, having awn on its grain, is thought to be related to the awnless rice in Cluster A. A total of 27 loci were found to be associated with several observed traits in rice, namely pigmentation on rice pericarp, the presence of awn on rice grain, and 100-grain weight of rice.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/160180
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7633]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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