Kehilangan Hasil Padi pada Tahapan Pemanenan hingga Perontokan di Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Padi merupakan komoditas yang penting karena sebagai sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan energi. Kehilangan hasil yang disebabkan oleh teknis penanganan panen dan pascapanen yang tidak tepat dapat mengurangi hasil produksi padi dan menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi petani. Analisis kehilangan hasil padi perlu dilakukan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kehilangan hasil dari tahapan pemanenan hingga perontokan di Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2024 di lahan sawah yang berada di Desa Darma dan Desa Karanganyar, Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Pengukuran kehilangan hasil padi dilakukan dengan membandingkan produksi gabah yang diperoleh antara petak kontrol dengan petak perlakuan. Petak kontrol berukuran 2,5 m x 2,5 m sebanyak lima petak yang terletak di dalam petak perlakuan yang berukuran 25 m x 25 m. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak kontrol dilakukan secara teliti dan hati-hati untuk menghindari kehilangan hasil. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak perlakuan dilakukan sesuai dengan metode dan kebiasaan petani setempat. Kehilangan hasil padi di Kecamatan Darma sebesar 4,88% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi nasional tahun 2014 sebesar 16,47%. Kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Darma sebesar 3,49% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Karanganyar sebesar 6,29%.

Rice is an important commodity because it is the main source of meeting energy needs. Yield losses caused by improper harvest and post-harvest handling techniques can reduce rice production and cause huge losses for farmers. Analysis of rice yield loss needs to be done to reduce yield loss. This research aims to analyze yield loss from harvesting to threshing stages in Darma District, Kuningan Regency. The research was conducted in January 2024 in paddy fields located in Darma Village and Karanganyar Village, Darma District, Kuningan Regency. Measurement of rice yield loss was carried out by comparing grain production obtained between control plots and treatment plots. The control plots were 2.5 m x 2.5 m in size as many as five plots located inside the treatment plots which were 25 m x 25 m in size. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the control plots was done carefully and cautiously to avoid yield loss. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the treatment plots was done according to the methods and habits of local farmers. Rice yield loss in Darma Sub-district of 4.88% was lower and significantly different from the national rice yield loss in 2014 of 16.47%. Rice yield loss in Darma Village was 3.49% lower and significantly different from rice yield loss in Karanganyar Village at 6.29%.