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      Pengaruh Perlakuan Air Panas dan Masa Simpan terhadap Mutu Fisiologis dan Patologis Benih Padi

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Ulya, Inayatul
      Budiman, Candra
      Kurniawati, Fitrianingrum
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      Abstract
      Padi merupakan salah satu makanan pokok utama masyarakat Indonesia. Tingginya kecenderungan masyarakat terhadap beras sehingga masyarakat menganggap bahwa “belum makan kalau belum makan nasi” yang artinya masyarakat akan tetap mengonsumsi nasi walaupun sebelumnya telah mengonsumsi karbohidrat dalam bentuk lainnya. Budaya Indonesia tersebut yang menjadikan penyebab tingginya tingkat konsumsi beras. Hal ini harus diimbangi dengan hasil produksi padi Indonesia. Selama lima tahun terakhir, hasil produksi padi menunjukkan fluktuasi. Pada tahun 2020, produksi meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2019. Namun, pada tahun 2021, terjadi penurunan. Produksi meningkat kembali pada tahun 2022, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 2023. Penurunan produksi ini dapat diakibatkan oleh varietas, suhu, musim tanam, teknik budidaya dan faktor lainnya. Serangan nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi dapat menjadi salah satu faktor dalam penurunan produksi dan menyebabkan hilangnya hasil panen pada padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan air panas dan masa simpan terhadap mutu fisiologis dan patologis benih padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu perlakuan perendaman air panas dan periode lama simpan. Faktor pertama terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu tanpa perlakuan perendaman (T0), suhu air 45 °C (T1), suhu air 50 °C (T2), suhu air 55 °C (T3), dan suhu air 60 °C (T4) perendaman dengan air selama 20 menit. Setelah perendaman benih dikering anginkan sampai kadar air 13-14%. Faktor kedua terdiri dari empat taraf, yaitu tanpa penyimpanan (P0), penyimpanan 1 bulan (P1), penyimpanan 2 bulan (P2), penyimpanan 3 bulan (P3). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan populasi nematoda. Uji perkecambahan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan teknik Uji Kertas Digulung Didirikan dalam Plastik (UKDdp). Hasil perendaman menunjukkan perendaman dengan air panas memberikan pengaruh peningkatan daya berkecambah dan kecepatan tumbuh, serta menurunkan populasi nematoda pada benih padi 9G. Perlakuan periode simpan tidak berpengaruh terhadap populasi nematoda pada benih padi 9G dan beras hitam, namun pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar air, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan tumbuh pada benih 9G. Pengaruh mutu fisiologis menjadikan benih masih dorman saat awal pengujian.
       
      Rice is one of the main staple foods of the Indonesian people. The high inclination of the people towards rice has led them to consider that "you haven't eaten if you haven't eaten rice", which means that people will continue to consume rice even though they have previously consumed other forms of carbohydrates. This Indonesian culture is the cause of the high level of rice consumption. This must be balanced with Indonesia's rice production. Over the past five years, rice production has shown fluctuations. In 2020, production increased compared to 2019. However, in 2021, there was a decline. Production increased again in 2022, but decreased again in 2023. This decline in production can be caused by varieties, temperature, growing season, cultivation techniques and other factors. Aphelenchoides besseyinematode attack can be one of the factors in reducing production and causing yield loss in rice. This study aims to determine the effect of hot water treatment and storage period on the physiological and pathological quality of rice seeds. This study used a factorial completely randomized group design (RKLT) with two factors, namely hot water immersion treatment and shelf-life period. The first factor consisted of five levels, namely no soaking treatment (T0), 45°C water temperature (T1), 50°C water temperature (T2), 55°C water temperature (T3), and 60°C water temperature (T4) soaking with water for 20 minutes. After soaking, the seeds were air dried to a moisture content of 13-14%. The second factor consisted of four levels, namely no storage (P0), 1 month storage (P1), 2 months storage (P2), 3 months storage (P3). Observations were made on seed moisture content, germination, vigor index, growth speed, and nematode population. The germination test was conducted for 14 days using the Paper Rolled in Plastic (UKDdp) test technique. The results showed that soaking with hot water had an effect on increasing germination and growth speed, and reducing the nematode population in 9G rice seeds. The storage period treatment had no effect on the nematode population in 9G rice seeds and black rice, but the effect on increasing moisture content, germination, vigor index, and growth speed in 9G seeds. The effect of physiological quality makes the seeds still dormant at the beginning of the test.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/157386
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7633]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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