Karakterisasi Aktinobakteri Berpigmen Melalui Beberapa Pendekatan Taksonomi Polifasik

Abstract

Aktinobakteri berpotensi menghasilkan komponen metabolit sekunder salah satunya pigmen. Karakterisasi aktinobakteri berpigmen dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan taksonomi polifasik. Aktinobakteri berpigmen yang dimiliki Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi FMIPA IPB diketahui dapat menghasilkan metabolit sekunder pigmen berkhasiat antioksidan. Namun, karakter dari isolat tersebut belum diketahui secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi aktinobakteri berpigmen koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi FMIPA IPB melalui beberapa pendekatan taksonomi polifasik. Tahapan penelitian meliputi purifikasi, pertumbuhan dan karakterisasi morfologi koloni aktinobakteri pada berbagai media, kemampuan tumbuh pada berbagai sumber karbon, identifikasi gen 16S rRNA serta analisis bioinformatika. Lima isolat mampu tumbuh optimal pada media ISP 2. Morfologi koloni kelima isolat berbeda pada setiap media. Empat isolat termasuk genus Streptomyces, sedangkan satu isolat lainnya termasuk rare-actinobacteria non Streptomyces. Setiap isolat memiliki kemampuan tumbuh pada sumber karbon yang berbeda-beda. Hasil identifikasi molekuler gen 16S rRNA isolat HVB menunjukkan ukuran amplikon ~1465 pb yang memiliki kemiripan sebesar 91.62% dengan spesies Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain G119.

Kata kunci: aktinobakteri, molekuler, pigmen, rare-actinobacteria, taksonomi polifasik

Actinobacteria have the potential to produce secondary metabolite components such as pigment. Characterization of pigmented actinobacteria can be carried out using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Pigmented actinobacteria belonging to the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology FMIPA IPB are known to produce pigment secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. However, the character of this isolate is not fully known. This research aims to characterize pigmented actinobacteria from the collection of the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology FMIPA IPB through several polyphasic taxonomic approaches. The research stages include purification, growth and morphological characterization of actinobacterial colonies on various media, ability to grow on various carbon sources, identification of the 16S rRNA gene and bioinformatics analysis. Five isolates were able to grow optimally on ISP 2 media. The colony morphology of the five isolates was different on each medium. Four isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces, while the other one belonged to rare-actinobacteria non-Streptomyces. Each isolate has the ability to grow on different carbon sources. The results of molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene of HVB isolates showed an amplicon size of ~1465 bp which had a similarity of 91.62% to the species Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain G119.

Key words: actinobacteria, molecular, pigment, polyphasic taxonomy, rare actinobacteria