Kriteria Kematangan Pascapanen Pisang Uli (Musa sp. AA Grup) pada Beberapa Umur Panen

Abstract

Buah pisang merupakan buah yang dapat dipanen sepanjang tahun, jenis tanaman pisang sangat beragam dan beberapa diantaranya tumbuh dan dibudidayakan di kebun atau di pekarangan rumah, salah satunya adalah pisang Uli. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kriteria kematangan pascapanen pisang Uli dari beberapa umur panen dan menentukan waktu panen terbaik berdasarkan satuan panas yang diperoleh. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal dengan 5 umur panen pisang. Pengamatan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Buah pisang Uli dapat dipanen pada 90 HSA pada akumulasi satuan panas 1179 °C hari dengan umur simpan mencapai 13 HSP. Buah dengan umur panen 90 HSA berbeda nyata lebih lama mampu mempertahankan warna buah berdasarkan indeks skala warna. Umur panen 105 dan 110 HSA menunjukkan tingkat puncak klimakterik yang berbeda nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan puncak klimakterik umur panen 90 HSA. Perlakuan umur panen tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap kelunakan, edible part, PTT, ATT, namun menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot dan kandungan vitamin C.

Banana fruit is a fruit that can be harvested throughout the year, the types of banana plants are very diverse and some of them grow and are cultivated in the garden or yard, one of which is Uli banana. This research aims to study the post harvest maturity criteria for Uli bananas from several harvest ages and determine the best harvest time based on the heat units obtained. The experiment was carried out at the Sukamantri Experimental Station with a single factor randomized complete group design with 5 banana harvest ages. Observations were carried out at the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural Institute. Uli banana fruit can be harvested at 90 HSA at an accumulated heat unit of 1179 °C days with a shelf life of 13 DAH. Fruit with a harvest age of 90 DAA was significantly different in maintaining fruit color based on the color scale index. Harvest age 105 and 110 DAA showed a significantly higher level of climacteric peak compared to the climacteric peak of harvest age 90 DAA. The harvest age treatment showed no significant effect on softness, edible part, PTT, ATT, but showed a significant effect on weight loss and vitamin C content.