Keragaman Karakter Agronomi dan Potensi Hasil Populasi F8 Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hasil persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2

Abstract

Pengembangan varietas unggul sorgum diperlukan untuk mendapatkan varietas sorgum yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman karakter agronomi dan menguji daya hasil 29 galur F8 sorgum hasil persilangan varietas Numbu × Samurai 2 serta mengidentifikasi galur yang memiliki potensi hasil lebih baik dari varietas pembanding. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Muara, Bogor pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2023. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak augmented dengan genotipe sebagai perlakuan. Genotipe yang digunakan terdiri dari 29 galur sorgum (F8) hasil persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2, serta 3 varietas pembanding (Bioguma 1, Kawali, Soper 6 Agritan). Galur F8 ditanam tanpa ulangan, sedangkan 3 varietas pembanding diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa karakter. Heritabilitas pada genotipe uji memiliki nilai yang rendah hingga tinggi berkisar 0,05-0,88. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa bobot biji per malai berhubungan erat dan positif terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, lebar daun, diameter batang, bobot malai basah, bobot malai kering, bobot 1000 butir, bobot brangkasan, bobot batang, dan nira. Diperoleh 10 galur terbaik yang berhasil terseleksi yang memiliki komponen hasil tinggi sehingga potensial dikembangkan sebagai varietas sorgum pangan.

The development of superior sorghum varieties is needed to obtain high productivity sorghum varieties. This study aims to analyze the diversity of agronomic characters and test the yield of 29 F8 sorghum lines resulting from crossing the Numbu × Samurai 2 varieties and identify lines that have better yield potential than comparison varieties. The research was conducted at the Muara Experimental Garden, Bogor from August to November 2023. The experimental design was arranged in an augmented randomized complete group design with genotype as the treatment. 29 genotypes from Numbu × Samurai 2 of F8 population and varieties Bioguma 1, Kawali, Soper 6 Agritan as check was used in this research. The F8 line was planted without repetition, while the 3 comparison varieties were repeated 3 times. The results of analysis of variance showed that genotype had a significant effect on several characters. Heritability for the test genotypes had low to high values ranging from 0.05-0.88. The results of the correlation analysis showed that seed weight per panicle was closely and positively related to the characteristics of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, wet panicle weight, dry panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, stover weight, stem weight, and sap. The 10 best selected lines have high yield components so that they have the potential to be developed as food sorghum varieties.