Pemanfaatan Jasa Lanskap Kebun Campuran untuk Pembangunan Desa Berbasis Data Desa Presisi

Abstract

Pemanfaatan jasa lanskap kebun campuran di DAS Lariang Mamasa memiliki beberapa potensi yang dapat dioptimalkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kelestarian lingkungan. Kebun campuran dapat menyediakan berbagai kebutuhan dasar masyarakat. Optimalisasi lanskap desa dan pemanfaatan potensi yang dimilikinya perlu dikelola secara berkelanjutan agar dapat memberikan manfaat maksimal bagi masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data karakter spasial lanskap desa, mendapatkan data potensi jasa lanskap kebun campuran, mendapatkan potensi nilai ekonomi jasa lanskap kebun campuran dan menyusun rekomendasi pengelolaan jasa lanskap kebun campuran di Desa Sipai dan Desa Tonyaman.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober–Desember 2023 di Desa Sipai, Kecamatan Massawa, Kabupaten Mamasa dan Desa Tonyaman, Kecamatan Binuang, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data karakter spasial desa dan data jasa lanskap kebun campuran. Peta citra drone dan peta tutupan lahan Desa Sipai dan Desa Tonyaman diperoleh dari Lab. Data Desa Presisi – FEMA IPB University. Prosedur penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pengamatan karakter spasial desa, menganalisis potensi jasa lanskap kebun campuran, menghitung nilai ekonomi jasa lanskap kebun campuran dan menyusun rekomendasi pengelolaan jasa lanskap kebun campuran.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter spasial Desa Sipai dan Tonyaman yang terdiri dari tutupan lahan kebun campuran. Luasan kebun campuran di Desa Sipai mencapai 24% (263,8 ha), sedangkan di Desa Tonyaman mencapai 14% (48,7 ha). Biodiversitas di Desa Sipai dan Tonyaman sebanyak 84 spesies dari 44 famili dan 121 spesies dari 59 famili yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam 9 fungsi tanaman (buah, obat, hias, bumbu, industri, pati, pakan, sayur, lainnya) dan 5 keragaman vertikal (stratum I, II, III, IV, V) dengan indeks keragaman antara 3,46-3,74, karbon tersimpan di Desa Sipai 104.795,2 Mg dan Desa Tonyaman 15.115,4 Mg, dan produksi tanaman dari tanaman buah. Nilai ekonomi jasa lanskap dari produksi tanaman, penggunaan air penduduk, dan karbon tersimpan di Desa Sipai sebesar Rp 63.392.914.000 per tahun dan Desa Tonyaman Rp 13.062.513.000 per tahun.

Rekomendasi pengelolaan jasa lanskap Desa Sipai dan Desa Tonyaman adalah 1) manfaatkan keanekaragaman jenis tanaman dan jasa lanskap kebun campuran untuk mengembangkan potensi ekonomi desa, 2) perlunya diversifikasi dan peningkatan kualitas produk pertanian sebagai upaya untuk memberikan nilai tambah bagi ekonomi desa, dan 3) perlunya pelatihan, edukasi dan pendampingan bagi kelompok masyarakat untuk keberlanjutan dan memaksimalkan jasa lanskap kebun campuran.

The utilization of mixed garden landscape services in the Lariang Mamasa Watershed has several potentials that can be optimized to improve community welfare and environmental sustainability. Mixed gardens can provide various basic needs of the community. The optimization of village landscapes and the utilization of their potentials need to be managed sustainably to provide maximum benefits to the community. The objectives of this study are to obtain spatial character data of village landscapes, obtain data on the potential services of mixed garden landscapes, determine the economic value potential of mixed garden landscape services, and develop management recommendations for mixed garden landscape services in Sipai Village and Tonyaman Village.

This research was conducted from October to December 2023 in Sipai Village, Massawa District, Mamasa Regency, and Tonyaman Village, Binuang District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province. The data used are spatial character data of the village and data on mixed garden landscape services. Drone imagery maps and land cover maps of Sipai Village and Tonyaman Village were obtained from the Precise Village Data Lab - FEMA IPB University. The research procedures included observing the spatial character of the village, analyzing the potential services of mixed garden landscapes, calculating the economic value of mixed garden landscape services, and developing management recommendations for mixed garden landscape services.

The research results showed that the spatial characters of Sipai and Tonyaman Villages consist of mixed garden land cover. The area of mixed gardens in Sipai Village reached 24% (263.8 ha), while in Tonyaman Village it reached 14% (48.7 ha). Biodiversity in Sipai and Tonyaman Villages comprises 84 species from 44 families and 121 species from 59 families, classified into 9 plant functions (fruit, medicinal, ornamental, spice, industrial, starch, fodder, vegetable, others) and 5 vertical diversity (stratum I, II, III, IV, V) with diversity indices ranging from 3.46 to 3.74, stored carbon in Sipai Village is 104,795.2 Mg and in Tonyaman Village 15,115.4 Mg, and plant production from fruit plants. The economic value of landscape services from plant production, residential water use, and stored carbon in Sipai Village is Rp 63,392,914,000 per year and in Tonyaman Village Rp 13,062,513,000 per year.

Management recommendations for landscape services in Sipai and Tonyaman Villages are: 1) utilize the diversity of plant species and mixed garden landscape services to develop the economic potential of the village, 2) the need for diversification and improvement of agricultural product quality as an effort to add value to the village economy, and 3) the need for training, education, and assistance for community groups for sustainability and maximizing mixed garden landscape services.