Uji Penanaman Benih Legum Secara Langsung dengan Metode Miko-seedcake tanpa Pematahan Dormansi

Abstract

Energi baru terbarukan (EBT) merupakan energi yang berasal dari alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung EBT dengan memanfaatkan pohon-pohon kehutanan jenis kayu energi, sehingga dibutuhkan hutan energi yang luas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan EBT tersebut. Jenis tanaman energi yang potensial yaitu kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), dan gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Teknik dalam melakukan penanaman umumnya terdiri dari dua yaitu indirect seeding dan direct seeding (pembenihan langsung). Salah satu contoh pengembangan metode direct seeding adalah miko-seedcake. Miko-seedcake merupakan metode yang mampu membekali benih dengan media bernutrisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji viabilitas benih, menganalisis pengaruh lama simpan miko-seedcake, memperoleh kombinasi ketebalan dan diameter miko seedcake yang tepat, menguji perkecambahan miko-seedcake sengon buto di lahan terbuka, menganalisis kolonisasi mikoriza pada akar tanaman serta menganalisis biaya pembuatan dan penanaman metode miko-seedcake. Uji pendahuluan berupa uji viabilitas benih dan perlakuan pematahan dormansi benih. Aplikasi miko seedcake di rumah kaca terdiri dari tiga faktor yaitu lama simpan miko-seedcake (0, 7, 14, 21, dan 30 hari), diameter miko-seedcake (4, 5, 6 cm), dan ketebalan miko seedcake (1 dan 2 cm). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak-petak terbagi (RPPT) dengan lama simpan miko-seedcake sebagai petak utama, diameter miko-seedcake sebagai anak petak, dan ketebalan miko-seedcake sebagai anak-anak petak. Setelah mendapatkan hasil dari aplikasi di rumah kaca, dilakukan uji aplikasi miko-seedcake di lahan terbuka. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kolonisasi mikoriza, serta analisis biaya pembuatan dan penanaman miko-seedcake yang dibandingkan dengan penanaman bibit. Hasil uji viabilitas benih dengan uji belah menghasilkan persentase benih viabel sebesar 57% untuk gamal, 70% untuk kaliandra, dan sengon buto 80%. Hasil uji viabilitas dengan uji perkecambahan menghasilkan daya kecambah = 50%. Jenis kayu energi yang dapat ditanam menggunakan metode miko-seedcake adalah tanaman kaliandra dan sengon buto. Miko-seedcake kaliandra dan sengon buto dapat tumbuh hingga lama simpan 30 hari (A5). Kombinasi terbaik untuk miko-seedcake kaliandra adalah diameter 4 cm (B1) dan ketebalan 1 cm (C1), miko-seedcake sengon buto yaitu diameter 6 cm (B3) dan ketebalan 2 cm (C2). Kolonisasi mikoriza pada metode miko-seedcake menunjukkan nilai kolonisasi dari rendah hingga sedang. Kolonisasi tertinggi ditemukan pada miko-seedcake sengon buto dengan persentase kolonisasi sebesar 10,30%. Penggunaan metode miko-seedcake jika dibandingkan dengan penanaman menggunakan bibit dapat menghemat biaya hingga 56% - 85%, dengan nilai persentase tertinggi yaitu miko-seedcake kaliandra

New renewable energy (NRE) comes from nature and can be used sustainably. The effort to support renewable energy is to develop energy plantation forests by utilizing tree wood energy species so that a large energy forest is needed to meet the new renewable energy needs. Potential types of energy crops, such as kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), and gamal (Gliricidia sepium). There are generally two techniques for planting: indirect seeding and direct seeding. One example of the development of the direct seeding method is the miko-seedcake. Miko-seedcake is a method that can provide seeds with nutritious media. The objectives of this study were to test the viability of seeds, analyze the storage time of miko-seedcake, obtain the right combination of thickness and diameter of miko-seedcake, test the germination of sengon buto miko-seedcake in the open field, analyze mycorrhiza colonization on the roots of plants, and analyze the cost of making and planting the miko-seedcake method. Preliminary tests were conducted in seed viability and seed dormancy-breaking treatment tests. The miko-seedcake application test in the greenhouse consisted of three factors, namely storage time (0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days), diameter (4, 5, 6 cm), and thickness of miko-seedcake (1 and 2 cm). The design used is a split plot with the storage time as the main plot, diameter as a subplot, and thickness of miko seedcake as a subsubplot. After obtaining results from the application in the greenhouse, miko-seedcake application tests were carried out in open fields. Furthermore, observations were made on mycorrhizal colonization and cost analysis of making and planting miko-seedcake compared to planting seedlings. The results of the seed viability test with the cutting test resulted in a percentage of viable seeds of 57% for gamal, 70% for kaliandra, and 80% for sengon buto. The viability test results with the germination test produced = 50%. Energy wood species that can be grown using the miko-seedcake method are kaliandra and sengon buto. Miko-seedcake kaliandra and miko-seedcake sengon buto can grow up to 30 days (A5) of storage. The best combination for kaliandra miko-seedcake is 4 cm diameter (B1) and 1 cm thickness (C1). Meanwhile, miko-seedcake sengon buto is 6 cm in diameter (B3) and 2 cm in thickness (C2). Mycorrhizal colonization in the miko-seedcake method showed colonization values from low to medium. The highest colonization was found in miko-seedcake sengon buto, with a colonization percentage of 10,30%. The miko-seedcake method, compared with indirect seeding can save costs up to 56% - 85%, with the highest percentage value being the kaliandra miko-seedcake.