Uji Penanaman Benih Legum Secara Langsung dengan Metode Miko-seedcake tanpa Pematahan Dormansi
Abstract
Energi baru terbarukan (EBT) merupakan energi yang berasal dari alam dan
dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk
mendukung EBT dengan memanfaatkan pohon-pohon kehutanan jenis kayu energi,
sehingga dibutuhkan hutan energi yang luas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan EBT
tersebut. Jenis tanaman energi yang potensial yaitu kaliandra (Calliandra
calothyrsus), sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), dan gamal (Gliricidia
sepium). Teknik dalam melakukan penanaman umumnya terdiri dari dua yaitu
indirect seeding dan direct seeding (pembenihan langsung). Salah satu contoh
pengembangan metode direct seeding adalah miko-seedcake. Miko-seedcake
merupakan metode yang mampu membekali benih dengan media bernutrisi. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah menguji viabilitas benih, menganalisis pengaruh lama
simpan miko-seedcake, memperoleh kombinasi ketebalan dan diameter miko seedcake yang tepat, menguji perkecambahan miko-seedcake sengon buto di lahan
terbuka, menganalisis kolonisasi mikoriza pada akar tanaman serta menganalisis
biaya pembuatan dan penanaman metode miko-seedcake. Uji pendahuluan berupa
uji viabilitas benih dan perlakuan pematahan dormansi benih. Aplikasi miko seedcake di rumah kaca terdiri dari tiga faktor yaitu lama simpan miko-seedcake (0,
7, 14, 21, dan 30 hari), diameter miko-seedcake (4, 5, 6 cm), dan ketebalan miko seedcake (1 dan 2 cm). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak-petak
terbagi (RPPT) dengan lama simpan miko-seedcake sebagai petak utama, diameter
miko-seedcake sebagai anak petak, dan ketebalan miko-seedcake sebagai anak-anak
petak. Setelah mendapatkan hasil dari aplikasi di rumah kaca, dilakukan uji aplikasi
miko-seedcake di lahan terbuka. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap
kolonisasi mikoriza, serta analisis biaya pembuatan dan penanaman miko-seedcake
yang dibandingkan dengan penanaman bibit. Hasil uji viabilitas benih dengan uji
belah menghasilkan persentase benih viabel sebesar 57% untuk gamal, 70% untuk
kaliandra, dan sengon buto 80%. Hasil uji viabilitas dengan uji perkecambahan
menghasilkan daya kecambah = 50%. Jenis kayu energi yang dapat ditanam
menggunakan metode miko-seedcake adalah tanaman kaliandra dan sengon buto.
Miko-seedcake kaliandra dan sengon buto dapat tumbuh hingga lama simpan 30
hari (A5). Kombinasi terbaik untuk miko-seedcake kaliandra adalah diameter 4 cm
(B1) dan ketebalan 1 cm (C1), miko-seedcake sengon buto yaitu diameter 6 cm (B3)
dan ketebalan 2 cm (C2). Kolonisasi mikoriza pada metode miko-seedcake
menunjukkan nilai kolonisasi dari rendah hingga sedang. Kolonisasi tertinggi
ditemukan pada miko-seedcake sengon buto dengan persentase kolonisasi sebesar
10,30%. Penggunaan metode miko-seedcake jika dibandingkan dengan penanaman
menggunakan bibit dapat menghemat biaya hingga 56% - 85%, dengan nilai
persentase tertinggi yaitu miko-seedcake kaliandra New renewable energy (NRE) comes from nature and can be used
sustainably. The effort to support renewable energy is to develop energy plantation
forests by utilizing tree wood energy species so that a large energy forest is needed
to meet the new renewable energy needs. Potential types of energy crops, such as
kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), and
gamal (Gliricidia sepium). There are generally two techniques for planting: indirect
seeding and direct seeding. One example of the development of the direct seeding
method is the miko-seedcake. Miko-seedcake is a method that can provide seeds
with nutritious media. The objectives of this study were to test the viability of seeds,
analyze the storage time of miko-seedcake, obtain the right combination of
thickness and diameter of miko-seedcake, test the germination of sengon buto
miko-seedcake in the open field, analyze mycorrhiza colonization on the roots of
plants, and analyze the cost of making and planting the miko-seedcake method.
Preliminary tests were conducted in seed viability and seed dormancy-breaking
treatment tests. The miko-seedcake application test in the greenhouse consisted of
three factors, namely storage time (0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days), diameter (4, 5, 6 cm),
and thickness of miko-seedcake (1 and 2 cm). The design used is a split plot with
the storage time as the main plot, diameter as a subplot, and thickness of miko seedcake as a subsubplot. After obtaining results from the application in the
greenhouse, miko-seedcake application tests were carried out in open fields.
Furthermore, observations were made on mycorrhizal colonization and cost
analysis of making and planting miko-seedcake compared to planting seedlings.
The results of the seed viability test with the cutting test resulted in a percentage of
viable seeds of 57% for gamal, 70% for kaliandra, and 80% for sengon buto. The
viability test results with the germination test produced = 50%. Energy wood
species that can be grown using the miko-seedcake method are kaliandra and
sengon buto. Miko-seedcake kaliandra and miko-seedcake sengon buto can grow
up to 30 days (A5) of storage. The best combination for kaliandra miko-seedcake
is 4 cm diameter (B1) and 1 cm thickness (C1). Meanwhile, miko-seedcake sengon
buto is 6 cm in diameter (B3) and 2 cm in thickness (C2). Mycorrhizal colonization
in the miko-seedcake method showed colonization values from low to medium. The
highest colonization was found in miko-seedcake sengon buto, with a colonization
percentage of 10,30%. The miko-seedcake method, compared with indirect seeding
can save costs up to 56% - 85%, with the highest percentage value being the
kaliandra miko-seedcake.
Collections
- MT - Forestry [1397]