Analisis Daya Saing serta Pengaruh EUTR dan Lisensi FLEGT terhadap Ekspor Stripwood Indonesia di Pasar Uni Eropa

Abstract

Produk kehutanan dalam bentuk stripwood (HS 4409) merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia dengan realisasi ekspor terbesar pertama di dunia. Namun, industri kehutanan sangat sensitif terhadap laju deforestasi sehingga menjadi urgensi global dalam regulasi kehutanan. Sebagai salah satu regulasi kehutanan dunia, Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) merupakan regulasi yang diterbitkan oleh Uni Eropa pada tahun 2003. Pada prospek FLEGT, EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) dan lisensi FLEGT menjadi urgensi bagi ekspor kayu Indonesia dalam menjangkau pasar Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing stripwood di pasar Uni Eropa berdasarkan metode RCA, EPD, dan X-Model, serta menganalisis pengaruh EUTR, lisensi FLEGT, dan faktor lainnya terhadap ekspor stripwood di pasar Uni Eropa berdasarkan metode regresi data panel. Pada analisis keunggulan komparatif, ekspor stripwood berdaya saing tinggi secara keseluruhan. Pada analisis keunggulan kompetitif, ekspor stripwood berada pada posisi lost opportunity dan retreat. Pada analisis X-Model, stripwood Indonesia berada pada pengembangan pasar potensial dan kurang potensial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel RCA, inflasi, GDP per kapita, dan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh positif secara signifikan, sedangkan variabel harga, dummy EUTR, dan dummy lisensi FLEGT berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap ekspor stripwood.

Forestry products in the form of stripwood (HS 4409) are Indonesia's leading export commodities with the world's largest export realization. However, the forestry industry is very sensitive to the rate of deforestation, making it a global urgency in forestry regulations. As one of the world's forestry regulations, Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) is a regulation issued by the European Union in 2003. In terms of FLEGT prospects, the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) and FLEGT licenses are an urgency for Indonesian timber exports to reach European Union market. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness of stripwood in the European Union market based on the RCA, EPD, and X-Model methods, as well as analyzing the influence of EUTR, FLEGT licensing, and other factors on stripwood exports. in the European Union market based on panel data regression methods. In the comparative advantage analysis, stripwood exports are highly competitive overall. In the competitive advantage analysis, stripwood exports are in a lost opportunity and retreat position. In the X-Model analysis, Indonesian stripwood is in potential and less potential market development. The results of the analysis show that the variables RCA, inflation, GDP per capita, and the real exchange rate have a significant positive effect, as for the price variable, the EUTR dummy and the FLEGT license dummy have a significant negative effect on stripwood exports.