Karakterisasi dan Produksi Benih Galur-galur Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Unggul IPB

Abstract

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) merupakan tanaman alternatif yang dapat dijadikan bahan pangan, pakan, dan sumber bioenergi. Ketersediaan benih berkualiatas dan berdaya hasil tinggi menjadi salah satu kendala petani dalam memproduksi tanaman sorgum. Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB telah melakukan upaya pengembangan sorgum melalui persilangan antar varietas unggul. Galur-galur tersebut perlu diketahui kemampuan produksi benih. Karakterisasi juga perlu dilakukan agar mendapatkan informasi mengenai keragaan pada galur-galur tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muara Bogor, Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Laboratorium Mikroteknik, dan Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan faktor tunggal berupa genotipe. Percobaan ini dilakukan sebanyak tiga ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 30 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galur-galur sorgum hasil pemuliaan IPB yang diamati pada penelitian ini memiliki keragaman dalam karakter kuantitatif, yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, waktu berbunga, umur panen, bobot malai basah, panjang malai, diameter malai, panjang cabang malai, bobot brangkasan, bobot biji per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan produksi benih. Selain itu, galur-galur sorgum hasil pemuliaan IPB memiliki keragaman pada karakter kualitatif, yaitu warna tulang daun, warna putik, panjang putik, panjang bunga bertangkai, warna benang sari kering, kerapatan malai, bentuk malai, kemunculan malai, warna sekam, panjang sekam, warna biji, bentuk biji, dan tekstur endosperma. Berdasarkan hasil analisis gerombol, galur sorgum dan varietas pembanding membentuk 3 kelompok, yaitu. kelompok 1 (Soper 6), kelompok 2 (IPB 6), dan kelompok 3 (Samurai 2, Bioguma 1, NS 19, NS 102, dan NS 109). Galur yang berpotensi didaftarkan adalah galur NS 19, NS 102, dan NS 109.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an alternative crop that can be used as food, feed, and bioenergy sources. The availability of quality and highyielding seeds is one of the obstacles for farmers in producing sorghum plants. The Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (IPB) has made efforts to develop sorghum through a breeding program of crosses between superior varieties. These lines need to be evaluated for their seed production capabilities. Moreover, characterization of morphological characters, yield components and yield is also needed to obtain information about the performance of these lines. The research was carried out at the Muara Bogor Experimental Garden, the Plant Breeding Laboratory, the Microtechnic Laboratory, and the Seed Testing and Storage Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT) with a single factor in the form of genotype. This experiment was carried out with three replications, so that 30 experimental units were obtained. The research results revealed that sorghum lines had a diversity in quantitative characters, namely plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, flowering age, harvest time, wet panicle weight, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle branch length, strand weight, seed weight per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and seed production. Moreover, these sorghum lines show diversity in qualitative characters, namely leaf bone color, pistil color, pistil length, stemmed flower length, dry stamen color,, panicle density, panicle shape, panicle exsertion, husk color, husk length, seed color, seed shape, and type of endosperm. Based on cluster analysis, sooghum lines and control varieties formed 3 groups, namely group 1 (Soper 6), group 2 (IPB 6), and group 3 (Samurai 2, Bioguma 1, NS 19, NS 102, dan NS 109). Sorghum lines that has potential to be registered are NS 19, NS 102, and NS 109.