Pengaruh Pupuk Bekas Maggot Terhadap Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)

Abstract

Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berperan dalam pengobatan penyakit degeneratif, seperti fenolik dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pemberian pupuk bekas maggot terhadap pertumbuhan, kadar total fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan reagen folin-ciocalteu dan alumunium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan dosis 3 (1 pupuk kasgot : 7 media tanam) memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, yaitu sebesar 166,41 ± 4,50 mg GAE/gr untuk fenolik, 47,59 ± 1,33 mg QE/gr untuk flavonoid, 272,39 ± 15,49 ppm untuk nilai IC50, dan 545,27 ± 12,05 µM TE/gr untuk kapasitas antioksidan. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah, dan bobot kering tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan kontrol negatif, yaitu sebesar 115,41 cm, 20,08 lembar daun, 19,03 gram bobot basah, dan 3,85 gram bobot kering. Penggunaan pupuk kasgot mampu meningkatkan produksi senyawa aktif berupa fenolik dan flavonoid serta dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Namun, hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan tanamannya yang terhambat ketika ditambahkan pupuk kasgot.

Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) contained many active compounds that played a role in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as phenolics and flavonoids. This research aimed to determine the effect of maggot manure application on the growth, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of red betel plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured using colorimetric methods with Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that treatment with Dose 3 (1 maggot manure: 7 planting media) had the highest content of active compounds compared to other treatments, at 166.41 ± 4.50 mg GAE/g for phenolics, 47.59 ± 1.33 mg QE/g for flavonoids, 272.39 ± 15.49 ppm for IC50 value, and 545.27 ± 12.05 µM TE/g for antioxidant capacity. The highest plant growth, leaf count, wet weight, and dry weight were obtained from the negative control treatment, at 115.41 cm, 20.08 leaves, 19.03 grams wet weight, and 3.85 grams dry weight, respectively. The usage of maggot manure can increase the production of active compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids and enhance the antioxidant activity of red betel plants. However, this was in contrast to the growth of the plants when maggot manure was added.