Kadar Fenolik Total dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) yang Dipengaruhi Berbagai Jenis Pelarut

Abstract

Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) merupakan tanaman yang telah terbukti mengandung berbagai macam senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dan menganalisis pengaruh jenis pelarut ekstraksi terhadap kadar fenolik total serta kapasitas antioksidan pada tanaman krokot. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan gabungan metode ekstraksi sonikasi-maserasi dengan lima jenis pelarut (etanol p.a, metanol p.a, aseton p.a, etil asetat p.a, air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik total tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air (2.78 mg GAE/g BK), sementara kadar terendah dihasilkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat (0.60 mg GAE/g BK). Kapasitas antioksidan pada berbagai metode uji (CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, DPPH) memiliki nilai signifikansi berbeda-beda berdasarkan hasil uji One-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil korelasi Pearson positif sangat kuat ditunjukkan oleh kadar fenolik total dengan kapasitas antioksidan metode ABTS (r = 0.9145) dan FRAP (r = 0.9452). Penggunaan pelarut yang memiliki tingkat polaritas tinggi (air, metanol, etanol) direkomendasikan untuk mengekstrak senyawa fenolik dari aerial parts tanaman krokot maupun untuk isolasi, karakterisasi, serta pemanfaatan lebih lanjut.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a plant that has been proven to contain various bioactive compounds. This study aim to measure and analyze the effect of extraction solvent type on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in purslane plants. Samples were extracted using a combined sonication-maseration extraction method with five types of solvents (ethanol p.a, methanol p.a, acetone p.a, ethyl acetate p.a, water). The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was produced by water extract (2.78 mg GAE/g BK), while the lowest level was produced by ethyl acetate extract (0.60 mg GAE/g BK). Antioxidant capacity in various test methods (CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, DPPH) has different significance values based on the results of One-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test and Tukey HSD. Very strong positive Pearson correlation results were shown by total phenolic content with antioxidant capacity of ABTS (r = 0.9145) and FRAP (r = 0.9452). The use of solvents that have a high level of polarity (water, methanol, ethanol) is recommended to extract phenolic compounds from aerial parts of purslane plants as well as for isolation, characterization, and further utilization.