Total Fenolik dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Tanaman Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.) Terhadap Perlakuan Waktu Perebusan Daun yang Berbeda

Abstract

Tanaman gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) merupakan tumbuhan semak yang umumnya tumbuh liar dan dipelihara sebagai tanaman obat serta berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Potensi ini dikarenakan adanya kandungan berbagai jenis metabolit sekunder pada tanaman tersebut, salah satunya fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh waktu perebusan daun gandarusa terhadap kadar total fenolik dan kapasitas antioksidan metode Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) dan 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode gabungan sonikasi dan maserasi. Daun gandarusa dilakukan perlakuan pemanasan yaitu perebusan menggunakan waterbath. Kadar total fenolik diukur menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan metode FRAP dan DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun gandarusa dari ketiga perlakuan memiliki kadar total fenolik tertinggi pada perlakuan 1 yaitu sampel yang tidak direbus dibandingkan dengan sampel yang direbus sebesar 4.346 (mg GAE/g BK). Begitu pula dengan hasil kapasitas antioksidan FRAP dan DPPH didapat sampel daun yang tidak rebus memiliki kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel yang rebus sebesar 31.033 (µmol TE/g BK) dan 383.851 (µmol TE/g BK).

Gandarusa plant (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) is a shrub that generally grows wild and is maintained as a medicinal plant and has potential as an antioxidant. This potential is due to the content of various types of secondary metabolites in these plants, one of which is phenolic. This study aims to analyze the effect of boiling time for willow leaves on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Samples were extracted by a combined method of sonication and maceration. Gandarusa leaves are subjected to heating treatment, namely boiling using a water bath. Total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results showed that the gandarusa leaf extract from the three treatments had the highest Total phenolic content in treatment 1, namely the unboiled sample compared to the boiled sample, which was 4,346 (mg GAE /g DW). Likewise, with the results of the FRAP and DPPH antioxidant capacity, it was found that unboiled leaf samples had the highest antioxidant capacity compared to boiled samples, namely 31,033 (µmol TE/gDW) and 383,851 (µmol TE/g DW).