Pengaruh Pupuk NPK Majemuk terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).

Abstract

Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang memiliki peran penting bagi subsektor perkebunan dan penghasil minyak nabati. Salah satu faktor penting dalam produksi kelapa sawit adalah pemupukan. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk NPK majemuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tandan buah segar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari 2023 hingga Maret 2024. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Blok 1 Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian Kelapa Sawit IPB-Cargill Kecamatan Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor. Analisis tanah serta analisis daun dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura Fakultas Pertanian. Perlakuan disusun dalam 6 taraf pemupukan yaitu: (1) kontrol tanpa aplikasi pupuk (P0), (2) dosis standar sebagai pembanding (P1), (3) 0,5 dosis pupuk NPK 12 12-17 + 2 Mg (P2), (4) 1 dosis pupuk NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P3), (5) 1,5 dosis pupuk NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P4), (6) 2 dosis pupuk NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P5). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam pada taraf α = 0,05 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Perlakuan 1 dosis pupuk NPK majemuk 12-12-17 + 2 Mg dosis yaitu 6,75 kg tanaman-1 tahun-1 menghasilkan bobot tandan buah segar (TBS) 43% lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol, jumlah tandan buah segar (TBS) 2% lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol, dan bobot janjang rata-rata (BJR) 36% lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol. Produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit pada perlakuan yang diberi perlakuan 1 dosis pupuk NPK majemuk 12-12-17 + 2 Mg dosis yaitu 6,75 kg tanaman-1 tahun-1 menghasilkan produktivitas tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya yaitu sebesar 36,87 ton ha-1 tahun-1.

Oil palm is a plantation crop that has an important role for the plantation subsector and vegetable oil producers. One of the important factors in oil palm production is fertilization. This research activity aims to identify the effect of compound NPK fertilizer application on the growth and production of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The research was conducted from January 2023 to March 2024. The research was conducted in Block 1 of the IPB-Cargill Oil Palm Education and Research Farm, Jonggol District, Bogor Regency. Soil analysis and leaf analysis were conducted at the Testing Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture. Treatments were arranged in 6 fertilizer levels, namely: (1) no fertilizer application (P0), (2) standard NPK fertilizer as a comparison (P1), (3) 0,5 dose of NPK 12-12-17 fertilizer + 2 Mg (P2), (4) 1 dose of NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P3), (5) 1.5 dose of NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P4), (6) 2 dose of NPK 12-12-17 + 2 Mg (P5). The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the α = 0,05 level and continued with the DMRT test. The treatment of 1 dose of compound NPK fertilizer 12-12-17 + 2 Mg dose at 6.75 kg plant-1 year-1 produced 43% better fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight than the control, the number of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) was 2% better than the control, and the average basket weight (BJR) was 36% better than the control. Productivity of oil palm plants in the treatment given 1 dose of compound NPK fertilizer 12-12-17 + 2 Mg at 6.75 kg ha-1 year-1 produced the highest productivity when compared to the control and other treatments at 36.87 tons ha-1 year-1.