Pengaruh Residu Aplikasi Fly Ash-Bottom Ash dan Bioherbisida Hidrolisat Bromelain terhadap Gulma, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Pada Tomat

Abstract

Pengendalian terhadap gulma dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya yaitu penggunaan bioherbisida yang ramah lingkungan. Senyawa yang ada di dalam tumbuhan berpotensi dijadikan sebagai bioherbisida organik. Salah satunya berasal dari limbah nanas berupa enzim bromelain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas bioherbisida berbahan baku limbah bromelain terhidrolisa dalam mengendalikan gulma pada tanaman tomat, mengidentifikasi pengaruh bioherbisida berbahan baku limbah bromelain terhidrolisa dan media tanam Fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) terhadap pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman tomat, dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh bioherbisida berbahan baku limbah bromelain terhidrolisa dan media tanam FABA terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Ecotoxicology Waste and Bioagent, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat pada bulan September 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk mengamati pengaruh residu FABA pada media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman tomat. Perlakuan residu FABA tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman tomat. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bioherbisida hidrolisat bromelain terhadap gulma fase preemergence, early post emergence, dan post emergence. Perlakuan 80% Glifosat + 20% Bioherbisida menghasilkan persen penekanan gulma daun lebar pada fase early post emergence sebesar 19,89% dan sebesar 60,06% pada penekanan gulma Euphorbia hirta. Komposisi residu 0,8 kg FA + 0,2 kg BA + 15 kg tanah memiliki jumlah daun dan luas daun yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Komposisi residu media tanam 0,4 kg FA + 0,1 kg BA + 15,5 kg tanah memberikan hasil produksi buah terbaik pada tanaman tomat yang diukur berdasarkan bobot buah per tanaman, bobot setiap buah, dan diameter buah.

Control of weeds can be done in various ways, one of which is the use of bioherbicides which are more environmentally friendly. Compounds in plants have the potential to be used as organic bioherbicides, namely pineapple waste, is the enzyme bromelain. The research objectives are to analyze the effectiveness of bioherbicides made from hydrolyzed bromelain waste in controlling weeds on tomato plants, determine the effect of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) planting media on weed growth on tomato plants, and determine the effect of bioherbicides made from hydrolyzed bromelain waste and FABA planting media on the growth and yield of tomato plants. The research was carried out at Leuwikopo and the Ecotoxicology Waste and Bioagent Laboratory, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java from September 2023 to January 2024. The first experiment was carried out to observe the effect of various concentrations of FABA residue in the planting medium on the vegetative and generative growth of tomato plants. Treatment with various concentrations of FABA planting media residue did not have a significant effect on the vegetative and generative growth of tomato plants. The second experiment was carried out to determine the effect of applying bromelain hydrolyzate bioherbicide on the number of weeds in the preemergence, early post emergence, and post emergence phases. Treatment of 80% Glyphosate + 20% Bioherbicide resulted in a percent suppression of broadleaf weeds in the early post emergence phase of 19.89% and 60.06% suppression of Euphorbia hirta weeds. The residue composition of 0.8 kg FA + 0.2 kg BA + 15 kg soil had the largest number of leaves and leaf area compared to other treatments. The residue composition of the planting medium of 0.4 kg FA + 0.1 kg BA + 15.5 kg soil provides the best fruit production results for tomato plants as measured by fruit weight per plant, weight of each fruit, and fruit diameter.