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      Keefektifan Berbagai Formulasi Bioherbisida Campuran Ekstrak Daun Tetracera indica L. Merr dan Umbi Teki Cyperus rotundus L. dalam Mengendalikan Gulma pada Budidaya Bawang Merah

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Nurazizah, Anisa
      Guntoro, Dwi
      Chozin, Achmad Muhamad
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      Abstract
      Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan gulma pada tanaman bawang merah adalah menggunakan herbisida sintetik, namun penggunaan herbisida secara berlebihan tidak ramah terhadap lingkungan. Senyawa yang terkandung dalam T. indica dan C. rotundus berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formulasi campuran T. indica L. Merr. dan umbi teki C. rotundus L. yang efektif untuk mengendalikan gulma pada pertanaman bawang merah. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu : tanpa penyiangan (P0), formulasi tepung C. rotundus dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P1), formulasi pelet C. rotundus dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P2), formulasi maserat air C. rotundus dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P3), formulasi maserat metanol C. rotundus dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P4), formulasi maserat metanol C. rotundus dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P5), formulasi maserat metanol T. Indica dosis 45 kg ha-1 (P6), dan penyiangan manual (P7). Satuan percobaan berupa bedengan berukuran 5 m × 1 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi formulasi pelet, maserat metanol dosis campuran, maserat C. rotundus, dan maserat T. indica efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma spesies R. exaltata saat 4-6 MSA, namun tidak efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma D. ciliaris, A. sessilis, C. rotundus dan C. dactylon. Formulasi campuran bioherbisida yang efektif adalah formulasi pelet dan formulasi maserat metanol. Formulasi pelet C. rotundus + T. indica dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + 45 kg ha-1 dapat menekan gulma total dari 57,26% hingga 64,09% sedangkan formulasi maserat metanol C. rotundus + T. indica dosis 22,5 kg ha-1 + 45 kg ha-1 dari 48,21% hingga 56,29%. Perlakuan berbagai formulasi bioherbisida tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah umbi serta hasil panen bawang merah.
       
      One way to control weeds in shallot plants is by using synthetic herbicides, but excessive use of herbicides is not environmentally friendly. Compounds contained in T. indica and C. rotundus can be used as bioherbicides. The research aimed to obtain a mixture formulation of T. indica L. Merr. and C. rotundus L. tubers were effective in controlling weeds in shallot cultivation. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor comprising eight treatments and four replications. The treatments tested were: without weeding (P0), C. rotundus flour formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P1), C. rotundus pellet formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P2), C. rotundus water macerate formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P3), C. rotundus methanol macerate formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1 + T. indica dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P4), C. rotundus methanol macerate formulation at a dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P5), T. indica methanol macerate formulation at a dosage of 45 kg ha-1 (P6), and manual weeding (P7). The experimental unit consisted of beds measuring 5 m × 1 m. The research results showed that the application of pellet formulation, mixed methanol macerate dosage, C. rotundus macerate, and T. indica macerate were effective in suppressing the growth of R. exaltata weed species at 4- 6 weeks after application (WAA), but were not effective in suppressing the growth of D. ciliaris, A. sessilis, C. rotundus, and C. dactylon weeds. The most effective bioherbicide formulation was the C. rotundus pellet + T. indica formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1 + 45 kg ha-1, which could suppress total weeds from 57.26% to 64.09%, meanwhile the C. rotundus methanol macerate + T. indica formulation at a dosage of 22.5 kg ha-1+ 45 kg ha-1 from 48.21% to 56.29%. Various bioherbicide formulation treatments did not affect the plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs, and shallot harvest yield.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/139988
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7620]

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