| dc.description.abstract | Every individual will experience aging as it is part of the human development
phase. Individuals over 60 years old are categorised as elderly and are more likely
to face various problems such as declining physical and psychological health,
increased stress, and decreased income. In overcoming these challenges, elderly
group need social support, self-efficacy, financial support, and a good quality of
life. The general objective of this research is to determine social support, self efficacy, financial stress, and their influence on the quality of life of the elderly in
Tidore Islands City. The specific objectives of this research are to: (1) differentiate
the characteristics of social support, self-efficacy, financial stress, and quality of
life for retired and non-retired elderly people. (2) analyse the relationship between
the characteristics of the elderly, social support, self-efficacy, financial stress, and
the quality of life of the elderly. (3) analyse the influence of social support, self efficacy, and financial stress on the quality of life of the elderly.
This research useds a cross-sectional study design. Data collection wascarried
out in Goto Village, Tidore District, and Tomalou Village, South Tidore District, in
October–December 2022. The gathered data was acquired through interviews
employing a structured questionnaire involving 200 participants who were aged 60
years and above. The respondents comprised 100 retired elderly and 100 non-retired
elderly. The instrument used for the social support variable refers to the
questionnaire developed by Ahmed-Mohamed et al. (2013), namely the Duke UNK-Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSS). The instrument used to
collect elderly self-efficacy data was the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES-12),
developed by Bosscher and Smith (1998). Financial stress data was collected using
the APR Financial Stress Scale research instrument developed by Heo et al. (2020).
Measurement of the quality of life of the elderly uses research instruments on the
quality of life of the elderly compiled by the World Health Organisation Quality of
Life (WHOQOL-BREF) (World Health Organisation 1998). This research uses
descriptive analysis, including frequency, average, standard deviation, minimum
value, and maximum value. Inferential analysisincludes the Pearson correlation
test, the difference test, and the multiple linear regression test.
The research results show that the average age of retired seniors is 68 years,
and that of non-retirees is 69 years. The average length of education for retired
elderly is 15 years (Bachelor degree), while non-retired elderly predominantly have
elementary school education. Retired seniors have an average monthly income of
IDR 4,380,100, while the average income of non-retired seniors is IDR 2,852,500.
The majority of retired seniors (91%) receive high levels of social support
from family, relatives, and friends. The self-efficacy of non-retired elderly (94%)
in the high category is greater than that of retired elderly (92%) in the high category
but is not significantly different. This means that retired and non-retired seniors
have high self-confidence in facing the times elderly. All elderly people (100%)
have a low financial stress index value or do not experience financial stress. The
majority of retired elderly group (82%) are more likely to have high category of
quality of life, while the non-retired elderly (55%) are in the low category. This
means that the lives of retired elderly group are of higher quality than those of non retired elderly group.
Elderly status, years of education, and elderly income have a significant
positive relationship with social support. This means that retired elderly people who
have a high level of education and income receive higher levels of social support.
The relationship between social support and employment was 45.7 percent, years
of education was 46.8 percent, and income was 42.2 percent. Employment, years of
education, and the income of the elderly have a significant negative relationship
with financial stress. This means that the higher the education and income of retired
seniors, the lower the financial stress they experience. The relationship between
financial stress and work is 32.3 percent; education is 35.6 percent; and income is
22.7 percent. Employment, years of education, and income of the elderly are
significantly positively correlated with the quality of life of the elderly. This means
that retired elderly people who have educational status and earn high incomes have
a better quality of life. The relationship between quality of life and employment
was 51.2 percent, years of education was 51.5 percent, and income was 47.8 percent.
The R2 value in the quality of life model for the elderly is 0.729, meaning that
the quality of life for the elderly in Tidore Islands City is influenced by factors
characteristic of the elderly (gender, age, occupation, years of education, and
income), social support, self-efficacy, and financial stress of 72.9%, and the
remainder is explained by other factors outside the variables studied. Income
(0.015*, p<0.05 and 0.122) and social support (0.000**, p<0.05 and 0.558) have
a significant positive effect on the quality of life of the elderly. Meanwhile, self efficacy (0.039*, p<0.05, and 0.080) has a significant positive effect on the quality
of life of the elderly. Financial stress (0.000**, p<0.05, and -0.288) has a
significant negative effect on the quality of life of the elderly. This means that
higher income, social support, and self-efficacy, as well as lower financial stress,
will lead to an increase in the quality of life of the elderly.
The quality of life among the elderly is positively influenced by both income
and social support. Therefore, when both retired and non-retired elderly have
sufficient income and receive substantial social support, their overall quality of life
tends to improve. Morevore, self-efficacy and financial stress contribute to the
quality of life of the elderly. This means that the elderly with good self-efficacy and
less financial stress, are more likely to have better quality of life. For this reason,
there is a need for an affirmative policy by the city of Tidore Kepulauan government
in order to increase the income of the elderly and encourage the community to
provide support to the elderly. | id |
